Vocabulary:
(1) accuse = 指控
(2) piracy = 海盜行為
(3) dirty tricks = 骯髒的把戲
(4) hampering = 妨礙
(5) tackle = 應對
(6) unleashed = 釋放
(7) suspicion = 懷疑
(8) narrative = 敘述
(9) nation = 國家
(10) fueling tensions = 加劇緊張
(11) transatlantic allies = 跨大平洋聯盟
(12) accuse = 指控
(13) confiscating = 沒收
(14) in transit through = 在途中
(15) unidentified = 身份不明
(16) earmark = 做左記號
(17) embassy = 大使館
(18) federal government = 聯邦政府
(19) allegation = 指控
(20) transatlantic partners = 跨大平洋伙伴
(21) wild west = (美國初期的) 西大荒
(22) dominate = 支配
(23) incident = 事件
(24) highlight = 突出
(25) distrust = 懷疑
(26) tackle = 應對
(27) unleash = 發揮
(28) standstill = 停頓
(29) scepticism = 懷疑論
(30) string = 弦
(31) swooping = 猛撲
(32) outbid = 勝過
(33) overbid = 出價過高
(34) distress = 苦惱
(35) unprecedented surge of = 前所未有的巨浪
(36) significant humanitarian implications = 重大人道意義
(37) halting supplies = 停止供應
(38) retribution = 報應
(39) rivals = 對手
(40) tarmac = 停機坪
(41) declined = 拒絕
(42) ramp up production = 逐步加大生產
#########################
Coronavirus: Germany, France accuse Americans of mask ‘piracy’, dirty tricks - 4 Apr, 2020
A fundamental lack of trust between the US and Europe risks hampering efforts to collectively tackle the damage unleashed by the pandemic
With hundreds of their citizens dying each day, the degree of suspicion also feeds into a narrative that it’s every nation out for itself
The scarcity of safety equipment essential to the coronavirus fight is fuelling tensions between long-time transatlantic allies, with local officials in France and Germany accusing unnamed Americans of using unfair means to obtain protective masks.
Berlin’s state interior ministry blamed the US for confiscating 200,000 masks ordered from a US producer when they were in transit through Bangkok. French officials have accused unidentified Americans of paying over the odds to secure masks in China that had already been earmarked for France.
The US embassy in Paris said any suggestion that the federal government was involved in such practices was “completely false.” There was no immediate response the allegations from the White House or the State Department.
“We view this as an act of modern piracy,” Berlin Interior Minister Andreas Geisel said. “You cannot act in such a way among transatlantic partners. Such wild west methods can’t dominate, even in a time of global crisis.”
With hundreds of their citizens dying each day, the incidents highlight the fundamental distrust between the US and Europe. It risks hampering efforts to collectively tackle the damage unleashed by a virus that has brought the world’s economy to a standstill.
The degree of suspicion also feeds into a narrative that it’s every nation out for itself as Europeans are also viewing with greater scepticism offers of help from Russia and China, wondering if there are strings attached.
French Prime Minister Edouard Philippe said on Thursday that his administration has seen orders cancelled as a result of the global shortage of protective gear. Some French officials are blaming unidentified Americans for swooping in to outbid them as they try to secure supplies.
“A load was taken from us by Americans who overbid on a batch that we had identified,” Valerie Pecresse, regional president of Paris, told broadcaster LCI on Thursday. “We pay on delivery because we want to see the masks, while Americans pay cash and without looking. Of course this is more attractive for those who just seek to turn a profit on the back of the world’s distress.” She didn’t say whether the people involved were federal officials, company representatives or private individuals.
The pandemic has left governments, companies, charities and individuals around the world competing for scarce supplies of protective kit and medical equipment as health care systems face an unprecedented surge of highly infectious patients with acute, sometimes deadly respiratory problems.
3M on Friday defended its decision to export respirators from its US facilities to Canada and Latin America, saying there would be “significant humanitarian implications” from halting supplies. Trump earlier threatened retribution against the company for sending masks and ventilators outside the US
The head of the Grand Est region in France, Jean Rottner, told RTL radio that his representatives had been outbid by rivals from the US when they were trying to source masks.
“On the tarmac, Americans take out cash and pay three or four times the price for our orders, so we really have to fight,” he said. A spokesman for Rottner declined to comment.
With the whole world trying to buy masks from China, it’s possible that there may have been some “incidents” involving the delivery of orders, an official in the President Emmanuel Macron’s office said.
“The United States government has not purchased any masks intended for delivery from China to France,” the US embassy said in an emailed statement. “Reports to the contrary are completely false.”
France has taken delivery of 1.7 billion euros (US$1.8 billion) worth of masks already and the volume is set to increase after this week’s air shipments arrived as planned, Macron’s aide said. The president has promised that France will be able to produce all the masks it needs domestically by the end of the year as the administration works to ramp up production.
Source : https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3078416/coronavirus-germany-france-accuse-americans-mask-piracy-dirty
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2020年4月5日星期日
2020年4月4日星期六
Newspaper Cutting 007 - Coronavirus job losses 'way worse than anything we saw in the Great Depression:' Economist
Vocabulary :
(1) Great Depression = 1929年的大蕭條
(2) Economist = 經濟學家
(3) decade = 10年
(4) bleaker = 嚴峻
(5) heartbreaking = 心碎
(6) KPMG = 四大會計師樓之一
(7) social safety net = 社會安全網
(8) encapsulate = 將…裝入膠囊
(9) vast majority = 絕大多數
(10) entire second quarter = 整個第二季
(11) record-breaking = 破紀錄
(12) eclipsing the record before = 破盡以前的紀錄
(13) friction = 摩擦力
(14) spiraled = 螺旋式
(15) prolonged = 延長
(16) devastating = 毀滅性
(17) downturn = 低迷
(18) precede = 先於
(19) massive bank failures = 大量銀行倒閉
(20) scramble = 爭奪
(21) meanwhile = 與此同時
(22) was sparked by = 被激發
(23) mass closure of businesses = 大量生意的關門
(24) sorting = 篩選
(25) seamless = 無縫
(26) meantime = 與此同時
(27) perspective = 透視
(28) folks = 鄉親
(29) dim outlook = 前景暗淡
(30) dry-run = 預演
(31) pandemic-induced downturn = 大流行引致的低迷
(32) deepest dive on record = 最深的潛水紀錄
(33) mother of all financial crises = 所有金融危機之母
###########################
Coronavirus job losses 'way worse than anything we saw in the Great Depression:' Economist
- 4 Apr, 2020
The U.S. economy actually lost jobs in March, after a decade of gains, and the employment situation will likely only get bleaker as the nation remains closed for business to stem the spread of the deadly new coronavirus.
“I mean, it is just so heartbreaking, this data,” KPMG’s chief economist, Constance Hunter, told Yahoo Finance’s “On The Move” on Friday. “What is so especially sad about this is, once workers become separated from their employers, it makes it much harder to restart the economy.”
She added, “We have more social safety nets in place than during the Great Depression, but this is way worse than anything we saw during the Great Depression.”
The jobs report — which showed over 700,000 job losses and an unemployment rate that jumped from 3.5% to 4.4% — does not begin to encapsulate the effects of the pandemic because it only extends through March 12, before the vast majority of the U.S. locked down.
KPMG, one of the big four accounting firms, is expecting at least 8 million job losses for April and possibly closer to 12 million, according to Hunter. For the entire second quarter, it’s expecting 25 million job losses.
The news would come after jobless claims hit a record-breaking 6.648 million for the week ending March 28, doubling the previous week’s number, and eclipsing the record before that of 695,000.
In describing the recent and expected losses as worse than the Great Depression that began in 1929, Hunter noted, “We didn’t have a sudden drop off the cliff like this.”
‘There will be more friction’
To be sure, the causes of the current crash are very different from those that spiraled the U.S. economy into a prolonged and devastating downturn in the 1930s. The Great Depression was preceded by a stock market bubble in the ‘20s, and a crash in 1929, and followed by massive bank failures as Americans scrambled to protect their cash. This downturn, meanwhile, was sparked by the mass closure of businesses, at least some of which will eventually re-open.
“Firms that have had to fire workers are probably going to go back to many of their same workers and rehire them — but of course there will be some friction and some sorting, as many people don’t go back to the same employers,” Hunter noted. “We do expect a restart but we don’t expect that restart to be as seamless as it could have been had people been able to remain employed at their existing employer.”
In the meantime, the unemployment rate will likely go much higher before the economy recovers. Economist Justin Wolfers estimated in The New York Times on Friday that the actual unemployment is around 13%, and last week the St. Louis Fed made headlines when it predicted the coronavirus pandemic could lead to a 32% unemployment rate. To put that number in perspective, unemployment in America peaked at 24.9% in 1933, when the U.S. economy was in the throes of the Great Depression.
KPMG’s Hunter and the folks at the St. Louis Fed are not the only economists with a dim outlook on how the coronavirus crisis could play out. Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff told The New York Times this week that the 2008 financial crisis was a “dry run” for the current, pandemic-induced downturn.
“This is already shaping up as the deepest dive on record for the global economy for over 100 years,” he said. “Everything depends on how long it lasts, but if this goes on for a long time, it’s certainly going to be the mother of all financial crises.”
Source : https://finance.yahoo.com/news/coronavirus-job-losses-worse-than-great-depression-kpmg-economist-222238539.html
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(1) Great Depression = 1929年的大蕭條
(2) Economist = 經濟學家
(3) decade = 10年
(4) bleaker = 嚴峻
(5) heartbreaking = 心碎
(6) KPMG = 四大會計師樓之一
(7) social safety net = 社會安全網
(8) encapsulate = 將…裝入膠囊
(9) vast majority = 絕大多數
(10) entire second quarter = 整個第二季
(11) record-breaking = 破紀錄
(12) eclipsing the record before = 破盡以前的紀錄
(13) friction = 摩擦力
(14) spiraled = 螺旋式
(15) prolonged = 延長
(16) devastating = 毀滅性
(17) downturn = 低迷
(18) precede = 先於
(19) massive bank failures = 大量銀行倒閉
(20) scramble = 爭奪
(21) meanwhile = 與此同時
(22) was sparked by = 被激發
(23) mass closure of businesses = 大量生意的關門
(24) sorting = 篩選
(25) seamless = 無縫
(26) meantime = 與此同時
(27) perspective = 透視
(28) folks = 鄉親
(29) dim outlook = 前景暗淡
(30) dry-run = 預演
(31) pandemic-induced downturn = 大流行引致的低迷
(32) deepest dive on record = 最深的潛水紀錄
(33) mother of all financial crises = 所有金融危機之母
###########################
Coronavirus job losses 'way worse than anything we saw in the Great Depression:' Economist
- 4 Apr, 2020
The U.S. economy actually lost jobs in March, after a decade of gains, and the employment situation will likely only get bleaker as the nation remains closed for business to stem the spread of the deadly new coronavirus.
“I mean, it is just so heartbreaking, this data,” KPMG’s chief economist, Constance Hunter, told Yahoo Finance’s “On The Move” on Friday. “What is so especially sad about this is, once workers become separated from their employers, it makes it much harder to restart the economy.”
She added, “We have more social safety nets in place than during the Great Depression, but this is way worse than anything we saw during the Great Depression.”
The jobs report — which showed over 700,000 job losses and an unemployment rate that jumped from 3.5% to 4.4% — does not begin to encapsulate the effects of the pandemic because it only extends through March 12, before the vast majority of the U.S. locked down.
KPMG, one of the big four accounting firms, is expecting at least 8 million job losses for April and possibly closer to 12 million, according to Hunter. For the entire second quarter, it’s expecting 25 million job losses.
The news would come after jobless claims hit a record-breaking 6.648 million for the week ending March 28, doubling the previous week’s number, and eclipsing the record before that of 695,000.
In describing the recent and expected losses as worse than the Great Depression that began in 1929, Hunter noted, “We didn’t have a sudden drop off the cliff like this.”
‘There will be more friction’
To be sure, the causes of the current crash are very different from those that spiraled the U.S. economy into a prolonged and devastating downturn in the 1930s. The Great Depression was preceded by a stock market bubble in the ‘20s, and a crash in 1929, and followed by massive bank failures as Americans scrambled to protect their cash. This downturn, meanwhile, was sparked by the mass closure of businesses, at least some of which will eventually re-open.
“Firms that have had to fire workers are probably going to go back to many of their same workers and rehire them — but of course there will be some friction and some sorting, as many people don’t go back to the same employers,” Hunter noted. “We do expect a restart but we don’t expect that restart to be as seamless as it could have been had people been able to remain employed at their existing employer.”
In the meantime, the unemployment rate will likely go much higher before the economy recovers. Economist Justin Wolfers estimated in The New York Times on Friday that the actual unemployment is around 13%, and last week the St. Louis Fed made headlines when it predicted the coronavirus pandemic could lead to a 32% unemployment rate. To put that number in perspective, unemployment in America peaked at 24.9% in 1933, when the U.S. economy was in the throes of the Great Depression.
KPMG’s Hunter and the folks at the St. Louis Fed are not the only economists with a dim outlook on how the coronavirus crisis could play out. Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff told The New York Times this week that the 2008 financial crisis was a “dry run” for the current, pandemic-induced downturn.
“This is already shaping up as the deepest dive on record for the global economy for over 100 years,” he said. “Everything depends on how long it lasts, but if this goes on for a long time, it’s certainly going to be the mother of all financial crises.”
Source : https://finance.yahoo.com/news/coronavirus-job-losses-worse-than-great-depression-kpmg-economist-222238539.html
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Newspaper Cutting 006 - China’s factories work 24/7 to build medical ventilators for Milan, New York amid spreading global Covid-19 pandemic
Vocabulary :
(1) medical ventilator = 醫學呼吸機
(2) Milan
= 米蘭
(3) pandemic
= 大流行
(4) desperately
= 絕望地
(5) determine
= 決定
(6) flat
out = 全速地
(7) life-saving
ventilator = 拯救生命的呼吸機
(8)
three shifts = 三更
(9) research
and development = 研究及開發
(10) literally
= 從字面上看
(11) death
toll = 死亡人數
(12) seek
= 尋找
(13) severe
= 嚴重
(14) critical
= 危急
(15) fatalities
= 死亡人數
(16) triage
= 分流
(17) mad
scramble = 瘋狂爭奪
(18) claw
back = 奪回
(19) cover-ups
= 掩蓋
(20) savior
= 救世主
(21) pathogen
= 病原
(22) hotspot
= 熱點
(23) roar
= 怒吼
(24) military
aircraft = 軍用飛機
(25) racing
against the clock to = 爭分奪秒
(26) inflicted
= 造成
(27) precipitously
= 險峻地
(28) hypoxaemia
= 低氧血症
(29) organ
damage = 器官損傷
(30) life
threatening = 威脅生命
(31) reconfigure
= 重新配置
(32) ramp
up = 逐步加大
(33) resources-intensive
= 資源密集
(34) personnel
training = 人員培訓
(35)
cumbersome = 麻煩的
(36) stark
contrast to = 與之形成鮮明對比
(37) ordinarily
= 通常地
(38) critical
case = 危急情況
(39) intensive
care units = ICU 加護病房
(40) non-invasive
= 非入侵性
(41) collective
value = 集體價值################################
China’s factories work 24/7 to build medical ventilators for Milan, New York amid spreading global Covid-19 pandemic - 24 Mar, 2020
As the global death toll from the coronavirus crosses 15,000, doctors from Milan to New York are desperately seeking ventilators
In severe cases, the availability of a ventilator can determine if a Covid-19 patient lives or dies
About a 40-minute drive to the east of China’s capital, Beijing Aeonmed has been working around the clock since January 20.
After meeting the country’s needs two weeks ago, its factory lines have been working flat out on orders from overseas for its life-saving ventilators. With three shifts and even research and development staff working the production line, the company’s machines have been going non-stop.
“There’s literally no country in the world that doesn’t want to buy a ventilator from China right now.” said Li Kai, director of Beijing Aeonmed, “We have tens of thousands of orders waiting. The issue is how fast we can make them.”
As the global death toll from the coronavirus crosses 15,000, doctors from Milan to New York are desperately seeking ventilators. In severe cases, the availability of a ventilator that can help a Covid-19 patient breathe can determine if he or she lives or dies. Late last week, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said the state, which has about 5,000 to 6,000 ventilators, might need 30,000 of them.
“It’s ventilators, ventilators, ventilators,” Cuomo told reporters. “That is the greatest need.” The state “has people in China shopping for ventilators,” he said.
Overall in the US, the Society of Critical Care Medicine estimates that 960,000 patients would need ventilator support due to Covid-19, but the nation only has about 200,000 such machines. In Italy, the country with the most number of fatalities from the pandemic, a severe ventilator shortage has forced doctors to triage patients.
The mad scramble for scarce medical supplies comes as China and the US try to deflect blame for their handling of the disease. China has been seeking to claw back an international leadership role after early cover-ups helped the virus spread well beyond its borders. The country has sought to brand itself as Europe’s saviour in the fight against the pathogen, providing masks and other supplies to the region’s virus hotspots.
For companies like Beijing Aeonmed, though, it’s roaring business as orders pour in from dozens of countries, many of which are chartering planes or using military aircraft to pick up the machines. Aeonmed isn’t the only Chinese company racing against the clock to build ventilators.
“All the ventilator factories in China have reached their maximum capacity, occupied fully by foreign demand,” said Wu Chuanpu, director of supply chain at Vedeng.com, one of the main platforms in China connecting medical equipment suppliers and buyers.
The factories have orders to keep them at full capacity until May, according to Wu. Vedeng is still getting more than 60 to 70 new orders every day, each asking for hundreds or thousands of such machines, he said. Many are from governments.
Ventilators pump oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Many patients inflicted by the coronavirus need the machine because their blood oxygen level drops precipitously – a condition called hypoxaemia – which can cause organ damage and be potentially life threatening.
The ventilator demand is so great that US President Donald Trump has given carmakers the green light to reconfigure their plants to make the machines.
Ford Motor, General Motors and Tesla have been given the “go ahead” to make ventilators, Trump said in a tweet Sunday.
However, unlike face masks or thermometers, where companies can quickly ramp up production, ventilators have a higher barrier to entry, making a rapid expansion of production more difficult, Wu said.
“The expansion of the production line is very time-consuming and resources-intensive,” he said. “It also involves personnel training. It is too cumbersome.”
The dramatic increase in demand for the machines is in stark contrast to their need in normal times. Ordinarily, hospitals have a few dozen machines that are required for only critical cases. Now, they may need them for every bed in their intensive care units.
China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said earlier this month that as of March 3, the country’s main manufacturers delivered about 14,000 non-invasive ventilators and 2,900 invasive ones to Hubei, the region where the coronavirus outbreak originated. That compares with the nationwide demand for ventilators in 2018 of 14,700, according to Huajing Research.
China is able to supply at least 14,000 non-invasive ventilators in April, according to Bloomberg Intelligence analyst Nikkie Lu, based on what factories supplied Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei, in the month of March. She estimated the collective value of these machines at US$100 million to US$300 million.
Meanwhile, as the orders come in, Beijing Aeonmed expects to ring in sales that are several times more than last year.
“The epidemic is not a problem of just one country,” said Li. “The global fight against the pandemic is a test of made-in-China speed and quality.”
Source : https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/3076657/chinas-factories-work-24/7-build-medical-ventilators-milan-new
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2020年4月3日星期五
Newspaper Cutting 005 - Why global switch to renewable hydropower may be the answer to limiting climate change
Vocabulary :
(1) renewable = 再生
(2) hydropower = 水力發電
(3) abundant = 豐富
(4) sustainable = 可持續的
(5) terawatt = 太瓦 (即10的12次方瓦)
(6) fossil fuel = 化石燃料
(7) significantly = 重要地
(8) pollutants = 污染物
(9) enormously = 極大地
(10) reliance = 依賴
(11) depleted = 耗盡的
(12) solar energy = 太陽能
(13) wind energy = 風能
(14) competitive advantage = 競爭優勢
(15) hydropower dams = 水力發電水壩
(16) state-owned = 國有
(17) impact = 影響
(18) despite = 儘管
(19) availability = 可用性
(20) accessibility = 可接近性
(21) complement = 補充
(22) waterway = 水路
(23) tropical monsoon climate = 熱帶季風氣候
(24) power grid = 電網
(25) utilities = 公用事業
(26) hydro resource = 水資源
(27) thermal energy = 熱能
(28) indigenous = 原住民
(29) solar farm = 太陽能農場 (即一大片地方放滿太陽能板)
(30) diverse = 多樣的
(31) micro-hydro and solar hybrid = 小型水力及太陽混合
(32) scattered = 分散的
(33) remote = 遠程
(34) rural communities = 農村社區
(35) SDGs = sustainable development goals = 可持續發展目標
(36) interconnect = 相互聯繫
(37) affordable = 負擔得起的
(38) decent = 體面的
(39) carbon emissions = 碳排放
(40) template = 模板
##################################
Why global switch to renewable hydropower may be the answer to limiting climate change
- 14 Jan, 2020
Sarawak, Malaysian state on Southeast Asian island of Borneo, targets renewable energy from its abundant water supplies
State-owned power company Sarawak Energy’s focus on hydropower comes as it targets three of UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals
Human activities currently consume close to 150,000 terawatt-hours of energy each year – 25 times more than in 1800.
Today’s energy supplies are largely derived from fossil fuels, which have been proved to contribute significantly to climate change.
“It's clear that they are great pollutants,” Eddie Rich, CEO of International Hydropower Association, a non-profit organisation working to advance sustainable hydropower, has told South China Morning Post’s Morning Studio.
"It's clear that fossil fuels are great pollutants … they are contributing enormously to climate change. We have to do something to move beyond this reliance on fossil fuels to renewable energies Eddie Rich, CEO, International Hydropower Association
“[We] are using up the world's resources and they are contributing enormously to climate change – man-made climate change. We have to do something to move beyond this reliance on fossil fuels to renewable energies.”
As reserves of fossil fuels are being depleted, industries and governments are increasingly looking at other alternative sources of energy, particularly renewable energy.
The focus of renewable energy has been centred on solar and wind energy, but what happens when the sun goes down and the wind speed drops?
The Malaysian state of Sarawak – home to more than 55 rivers with a combined length exceeding 3,300km (2,050 miles) on the island of Borneo – is playing to its strengths and sustainable competitive advantage by investing in hydropower to drive development. The goal is to supply Sarawak with full electrification by 2025.
Focus on affordable and clean power
Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy in the world, accounting for around 16 per cent of the planet’s electricity.
Sarawak joins other hydropower successes around the world including Norway, Canada, Brazil and China.
At present, Sarawak’s three large hydropower dams have a combined installed capacity of 3,452MW of renewable energy, in line with the state-owned energy developer and power company Sarawak Energy’s goal to help fulfil one of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of affordable and clean energy.
This has led to a 77 per cent reduction in carbon emissions from the state’s electricity system since 2009, when Sarawak started focusing strongly on hydropower.
There are opportunities around the world for growth in hydropower ... [we must] draw on the lessons of the past, in terms of environmental, social and climate impact, to make sure that the impacts can be very positive
Eddie Rich
In turn, this cut has contributed to Malaysia’s 2015 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) target of a 45 per cent reduction by 2030. This is to be achieved despite hydropower accounting for less than 10 per cent of the energy mix in Malaysia, outside Sarawak.
The availability and accessibility of hydropower sources in the state mirrors countries such as Norway and Uruguay, where almost 100 per cent of electricity is generated from hydropower.
“There are opportunities around the world at the moment for more growth in hydropower,” Rich says.
“As I look to the future of hydropower, I hope that there'll be a lot more of it – and it will be replacing much of the fossil fuel production and complementing other forms of renewable energy.
“I also hope that it will draw on the lessons of the past, in terms of environmental, social and climate impact, to make sure that the impacts can be very positive.”
Sarawak has not only an abundance of waterways, but also benefits from all-year-round rainfall and tropical monsoons.
This plentiful supply of water has made Sarawak a key mover in Southeast Asia’s Association of Southeast Asian Nations power grid; it began exporting power to West Kalimantan across the Indonesian border in 2016.
As I look to the future of hydropower, I hope that there'll be a lot more of it – and it will be replacing much of fossil fuel production, and complementing other forms of renewable energy
Eddie Rich
By working with neighbouring utilities such as PLN in Indonesia and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd in Sabah, Sarawak Energy plans to complete a Borneo Grid connecting the member states of Borneo – Brunei, Sabah, and Kalimantan – with its hydro resources.
In the longer-term, Sarawak can potentially export power to Southeast Asian states beyond Borneo, such as parts of the Philippines, Java, in Indonesia, Singapore and West Malaysia.
State combines different energy sources
To further maximise hydropower, the ways in which it can complement other forms of renewable energy should be fully explored, Rich says.
Hydropower currently accounts for 75 per cent of Sarawak’s total power generation mix.
For energy security, the state balances its hydro strengths with thermal energy from indigenous gas and coal resources. Sarawak is also exploring large-scale solar power production that floats on existing lakes instead of clearing land for solar farms.
Sarawak Energy targets large-scale solar power and other renewable energy to account for 4 per cent of the total mix by 2030.
The diverse geographic make-up of the state means Sarawak Energy also uses micro-hydro and solar hybrid to power scattered and remote rural communities. The power company is also exploring hydrogen’s potential as an alternative fuel and energy.
The UN’s 17 SDGs are interconnected so achieving all of them by 2030 may be too challenging, but some core goals are likely to be within reach by then: affordable and clean energy (Goal no 7), which is closely linked to decent work and economic growth (Goal no 8) and climate action, via the reduction of carbon emissions (Goal no 13).
With a good mix of different renewable energy sources, Sarawak is creating a template for states across Southeast Asia and the wider region to move away from a dependence on coal and gas-generated electricity while playing their part in achieving the 17 SDGs.
Source : https://www.scmp.com/native/news/asia/topics/sustainable-hydropower-asia/article/3045977/why-global-switch-renewable
回主頁
(1) renewable = 再生
(2) hydropower = 水力發電
(3) abundant = 豐富
(4) sustainable = 可持續的
(5) terawatt = 太瓦 (即10的12次方瓦)
(6) fossil fuel = 化石燃料
(7) significantly = 重要地
(8) pollutants = 污染物
(9) enormously = 極大地
(10) reliance = 依賴
(11) depleted = 耗盡的
(12) solar energy = 太陽能
(13) wind energy = 風能
(14) competitive advantage = 競爭優勢
(15) hydropower dams = 水力發電水壩
(16) state-owned = 國有
(17) impact = 影響
(18) despite = 儘管
(19) availability = 可用性
(20) accessibility = 可接近性
(21) complement = 補充
(22) waterway = 水路
(23) tropical monsoon climate = 熱帶季風氣候
(24) power grid = 電網
(25) utilities = 公用事業
(26) hydro resource = 水資源
(27) thermal energy = 熱能
(28) indigenous = 原住民
(29) solar farm = 太陽能農場 (即一大片地方放滿太陽能板)
(30) diverse = 多樣的
(31) micro-hydro and solar hybrid = 小型水力及太陽混合
(32) scattered = 分散的
(33) remote = 遠程
(34) rural communities = 農村社區
(35) SDGs = sustainable development goals = 可持續發展目標
(36) interconnect = 相互聯繫
(37) affordable = 負擔得起的
(38) decent = 體面的
(39) carbon emissions = 碳排放
(40) template = 模板
##################################
Why global switch to renewable hydropower may be the answer to limiting climate change
- 14 Jan, 2020
Sarawak, Malaysian state on Southeast Asian island of Borneo, targets renewable energy from its abundant water supplies
State-owned power company Sarawak Energy’s focus on hydropower comes as it targets three of UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals
Human activities currently consume close to 150,000 terawatt-hours of energy each year – 25 times more than in 1800.
Today’s energy supplies are largely derived from fossil fuels, which have been proved to contribute significantly to climate change.
“It's clear that they are great pollutants,” Eddie Rich, CEO of International Hydropower Association, a non-profit organisation working to advance sustainable hydropower, has told South China Morning Post’s Morning Studio.
"It's clear that fossil fuels are great pollutants … they are contributing enormously to climate change. We have to do something to move beyond this reliance on fossil fuels to renewable energies Eddie Rich, CEO, International Hydropower Association
“[We] are using up the world's resources and they are contributing enormously to climate change – man-made climate change. We have to do something to move beyond this reliance on fossil fuels to renewable energies.”
As reserves of fossil fuels are being depleted, industries and governments are increasingly looking at other alternative sources of energy, particularly renewable energy.
The focus of renewable energy has been centred on solar and wind energy, but what happens when the sun goes down and the wind speed drops?
The Malaysian state of Sarawak – home to more than 55 rivers with a combined length exceeding 3,300km (2,050 miles) on the island of Borneo – is playing to its strengths and sustainable competitive advantage by investing in hydropower to drive development. The goal is to supply Sarawak with full electrification by 2025.
Focus on affordable and clean power
Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy in the world, accounting for around 16 per cent of the planet’s electricity.
Sarawak joins other hydropower successes around the world including Norway, Canada, Brazil and China.
At present, Sarawak’s three large hydropower dams have a combined installed capacity of 3,452MW of renewable energy, in line with the state-owned energy developer and power company Sarawak Energy’s goal to help fulfil one of the UN’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of affordable and clean energy.
This has led to a 77 per cent reduction in carbon emissions from the state’s electricity system since 2009, when Sarawak started focusing strongly on hydropower.
There are opportunities around the world for growth in hydropower ... [we must] draw on the lessons of the past, in terms of environmental, social and climate impact, to make sure that the impacts can be very positive
Eddie Rich
In turn, this cut has contributed to Malaysia’s 2015 UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) target of a 45 per cent reduction by 2030. This is to be achieved despite hydropower accounting for less than 10 per cent of the energy mix in Malaysia, outside Sarawak.
The availability and accessibility of hydropower sources in the state mirrors countries such as Norway and Uruguay, where almost 100 per cent of electricity is generated from hydropower.
“There are opportunities around the world at the moment for more growth in hydropower,” Rich says.
“As I look to the future of hydropower, I hope that there'll be a lot more of it – and it will be replacing much of the fossil fuel production and complementing other forms of renewable energy.
“I also hope that it will draw on the lessons of the past, in terms of environmental, social and climate impact, to make sure that the impacts can be very positive.”
Sarawak has not only an abundance of waterways, but also benefits from all-year-round rainfall and tropical monsoons.
This plentiful supply of water has made Sarawak a key mover in Southeast Asia’s Association of Southeast Asian Nations power grid; it began exporting power to West Kalimantan across the Indonesian border in 2016.
As I look to the future of hydropower, I hope that there'll be a lot more of it – and it will be replacing much of fossil fuel production, and complementing other forms of renewable energy
Eddie Rich
By working with neighbouring utilities such as PLN in Indonesia and Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd in Sabah, Sarawak Energy plans to complete a Borneo Grid connecting the member states of Borneo – Brunei, Sabah, and Kalimantan – with its hydro resources.
In the longer-term, Sarawak can potentially export power to Southeast Asian states beyond Borneo, such as parts of the Philippines, Java, in Indonesia, Singapore and West Malaysia.
State combines different energy sources
To further maximise hydropower, the ways in which it can complement other forms of renewable energy should be fully explored, Rich says.
Hydropower currently accounts for 75 per cent of Sarawak’s total power generation mix.
For energy security, the state balances its hydro strengths with thermal energy from indigenous gas and coal resources. Sarawak is also exploring large-scale solar power production that floats on existing lakes instead of clearing land for solar farms.
Sarawak Energy targets large-scale solar power and other renewable energy to account for 4 per cent of the total mix by 2030.
The diverse geographic make-up of the state means Sarawak Energy also uses micro-hydro and solar hybrid to power scattered and remote rural communities. The power company is also exploring hydrogen’s potential as an alternative fuel and energy.
The UN’s 17 SDGs are interconnected so achieving all of them by 2030 may be too challenging, but some core goals are likely to be within reach by then: affordable and clean energy (Goal no 7), which is closely linked to decent work and economic growth (Goal no 8) and climate action, via the reduction of carbon emissions (Goal no 13).
With a good mix of different renewable energy sources, Sarawak is creating a template for states across Southeast Asia and the wider region to move away from a dependence on coal and gas-generated electricity while playing their part in achieving the 17 SDGs.
Source : https://www.scmp.com/native/news/asia/topics/sustainable-hydropower-asia/article/3045977/why-global-switch-renewable
回主頁
Newspaper Cutting 004 - Coronavirus: US starts to change its thinking on wearing protective masks
Vocabulary :
(1) Coronavirus = 冠狀病毒
(2) mask = 口罩
(3) state = 州
(4) official guideline = 官方指引
(5) acknowledge = 確認
(6) contain the spread of = 遏止
(7) suspicion = 懷疑
(8) unnecessary = 多餘
(9) shift gears = 突然改變講法
(10) Guidance = 指引
(11) asymptomatic = 無症狀的
(12) transmission = 傳染
(13) reinforce = 加強
(14) physical distancing = 物理距離
(15) cautious = 謹慎
(16) reversal = 逆轉
(17) discourage = 不鼓勵
(18) medical-grade masks = 醫學級的口罩
(19) beleaguered = 陷入困境的
(20) a variety of materials = 不同的物料
(21) silk = 絲綢
(22) linen = 麻布
(23) substitute = 替代品
(24) safety measures = 安全措施
(25) folks = 鄉親
(26) Vitally = 至關重要的
(27) infectious particles = 傳染物質
(28) curb = 抑制
(29) cough = 咳嗽
(30) sneeze = 噴嚏
(31) symptoms = 症狀
(32) widespread = 廣泛
(33) tune = 論調
(34) forthcoming = 即將來臨
(35) essential = 必要的
(36) appointment = 約定
(37) grocery = 雜貨鋪
(38) pharmacy = 藥房
(39) urge = 敦促
(40) symptomatic = 有症狀的
(41) community = 社區
(42) false sense of security = 錯誤的安全感
(43) flout = 嘲笑
(44) at odds with = 不一致
(45) contention = 爭奪
(46) cultural norm = 文化規範
(47) collective responsibility = 集體責任
(48) startling = 吃驚的
(49) lagged = 落後
(50) overwhelmed = 不知所措的
(51) cottage industry = 手工業
(52) customised = 訂造
(53) quilter = 縫被子的人
(54) undersupply = 供不應求
(55) crucial = 關鍵
(56) deprive = 剝奪
(57) sew = 縫
(58) bandana = 頭巾
(59) scarve = 圍巾
###################################
Coronavirus: US starts to change its thinking on wearing protective masks - 3 Apr, 2020
California becomes the first state to offer official guidelines acknowledging that wearing a mask could help contain the spread of coronavirus
Many Americans have viewed face coverings with suspicion or as unnecessary
After months of saying that wearing a mask would not help the public avoid infection by the coronavirus, authorities across the United States are shifting gears.
On Wednesday evening, California became the first state to offer official guidelines acknowledging that wearing a mask could help contain the spread of coronavirus.
In its new “Face Coverings Guidance”, the state’s Department of Public Health said: “There may be a benefit to reducing asymptomatic transmission and reinforcing physical distancing from the use of face coverings. However, face coverings may increase risk if users reduce their use of strong defences, such as physical distancing and frequent hand washing, when using face coverings.”
While the language is cautious, the new advice marks a reversal for state officials. The guidelines still discourage the public from using medical-grade masks needed by beleaguered health care workers, but they do say the public can wear cloth face coverings “made of a variety of materials, such as cotton, silk or linen”
California Governor Gavin Newsom has warned, however, that face coverings were not a substitute for other safety measures.
“They are not a substitute for physical distancing. They are not a substitute for the stay-at-home order. They are not a call for folks to buy N95 masks and surgical masks, pulling them away from … our first responders,” he said on Wednesday.
Vitally, masks do not prevent the wearer from breathing in infectious particles, but they do help curb transmission when worn by infected people. According to the California health department: “Their primary role is to reduce the release of infectious particles into the air when someone speaks, coughs or sneezes, including someone who has Covid-19 but feels well.”
In light of findings by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that as many as 25 per cent of those infected may not show symptoms of any kind, more widespread mask wearing among the general public could make a big difference in slowing the virus’ spread.
The official tune is changing not just in California but in Washington. CNN reported on Wednesday that most members of President Donald Trump’s coronavirus task force now agree that Americans should wear face coverings in public, and that formal guidance on the masks was likely forthcoming.
The Washington Post said the CDC was also considering changing its guidelines and will encourage everyone to wear face coverings in public.
On a local level, the official line on masks has also been changing. On Tuesday, Southern California’s Riverside County rolled out new guidelines “recommending residents cover their nose and mouth when leaving home for essential travel to doctor appointments, grocery shopping or pharmacy visits.”
Since the beginning of the outbreak, American officials and the CDC have urged private citizens not to use masks, saying they should only be worn if a person is symptomatic.
As recently as two weeks ago, US Surgeon General Jerome Adams wrote on Twitter: “Seriously people – STOP BUYING MASKS! They are NOT effective in preventing [the] general public from catching coronavirus, but if health care providers can’t get them to care for sick patients, it puts them and our communities at risk!”
But on Wednesday, Adams went on NBC’s Today show to say he was asking the CDC to investigate whether it should rethink its recommendation on public mask wearing.
Dr Sonia Angell, director of the California Department of Public Health, warned this week that masks would give people a false sense of security, leading them to flout social distancing restrictions. Still, she admitted that they could be an effective measure in preventing infection. “In short,” she said, “there might be some benefit to using these, but only when they’re used well.”
“There is some evidence that using face coverings may reduce asymptomatic infections,” said Angell, “simply decreasing the amount of infectious particles that go into the air when we cough, when we sneeze or particularly when we speak closely to other people.”
The World Health Organisation has continued to say that healthy people do not need to wear masks, although that view is at odds with government actions in many Asian countries.
On Wednesday, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said his government would send cloth masks to every household in Japan. In major Chinese cities like Beijing and Shanghai, mask wearing was made compulsory during the outbreak, and many businesses continue to refuse service to anyone not wearing facial protection.
The use of masks for private citizens has emerged as a point of contention not just between countries but also between different communities in the United States.
Among the East Asian population, wearing a mask when unwell is a cultural norm and considered a part of each person’s collective responsibility for the common good – and doing so has been commonplace since the very beginning of coronavirus. Among non-Asians, many still view mask wearing with suspicion or as unnecessary.
“We had a conference with my Hong Kong University colleagues on Monday and they were all wearing masks while giving the talk,” says Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at the University of California San Francisco. “And that was startling to the American docs here at UCSF because it’s not culturally normal here.”
Even as official response has lagged, Americans have been coming around to the idea of mask wearing, and some are also making their own masks. What began as a way to help overwhelmed health care workers has emerged as a cottage industry, with people comparing their favourite patterns online and masks becoming a popular gift, customised for friends and family members.
Sue Hogan is a retired doctor and also a quilter, and lives in northern California. She started making masks for friends working in undersupplied emergency rooms, then for the staff at her retirement home, and now for her loved ones.
“Many quilters started making them when several hospitals sent out emails to quilt guilds asking them to make cloth masks,” Hogan said. “Quilters always forward to other quilters, and many nurses are quilters. About 10 ladies who live here are making them now.”
She said she learned how to do it from YouTube. “They are very easy to make,” she said. “The first one took me about 20 minutes, now I’m down to about 15.”
Chin-Hong believes that masks have a place among the general population.
“Social distancing for the community is great but not everyone can control their environment – on the subway, the bus, at the cashier at supermarket,” he said, “so in those cases masks or other protection is crucial.”
What if you don’t want to deprive of your local hospital of a mask but you don’t know how to sew?
Chin-Hong says there are still options: “Masks don’t have to be all high grade out in the community. Home-made masks, bandanas, scarves are examples that work.”
Angell, the California public health director, reiterated that masks are just one safety element.
“The most important thing is physical distancing,” she said, “and when that’s done with additional face covering, you may indeed get additional protection.”
Source : https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3078201/coronavirus-us-starts-change-its-thinking-wearing-protective-masks
回主頁
(1) Coronavirus = 冠狀病毒
(2) mask = 口罩
(3) state = 州
(4) official guideline = 官方指引
(5) acknowledge = 確認
(6) contain the spread of = 遏止
(7) suspicion = 懷疑
(8) unnecessary = 多餘
(9) shift gears = 突然改變講法
(10) Guidance = 指引
(11) asymptomatic = 無症狀的
(12) transmission = 傳染
(13) reinforce = 加強
(14) physical distancing = 物理距離
(15) cautious = 謹慎
(16) reversal = 逆轉
(17) discourage = 不鼓勵
(18) medical-grade masks = 醫學級的口罩
(19) beleaguered = 陷入困境的
(20) a variety of materials = 不同的物料
(21) silk = 絲綢
(22) linen = 麻布
(23) substitute = 替代品
(24) safety measures = 安全措施
(25) folks = 鄉親
(26) Vitally = 至關重要的
(27) infectious particles = 傳染物質
(28) curb = 抑制
(29) cough = 咳嗽
(30) sneeze = 噴嚏
(31) symptoms = 症狀
(32) widespread = 廣泛
(33) tune = 論調
(34) forthcoming = 即將來臨
(35) essential = 必要的
(36) appointment = 約定
(37) grocery = 雜貨鋪
(38) pharmacy = 藥房
(39) urge = 敦促
(40) symptomatic = 有症狀的
(41) community = 社區
(42) false sense of security = 錯誤的安全感
(43) flout = 嘲笑
(44) at odds with = 不一致
(45) contention = 爭奪
(46) cultural norm = 文化規範
(47) collective responsibility = 集體責任
(48) startling = 吃驚的
(49) lagged = 落後
(50) overwhelmed = 不知所措的
(51) cottage industry = 手工業
(52) customised = 訂造
(53) quilter = 縫被子的人
(54) undersupply = 供不應求
(55) crucial = 關鍵
(56) deprive = 剝奪
(57) sew = 縫
(58) bandana = 頭巾
(59) scarve = 圍巾
###################################
Coronavirus: US starts to change its thinking on wearing protective masks - 3 Apr, 2020
California becomes the first state to offer official guidelines acknowledging that wearing a mask could help contain the spread of coronavirus
Many Americans have viewed face coverings with suspicion or as unnecessary
After months of saying that wearing a mask would not help the public avoid infection by the coronavirus, authorities across the United States are shifting gears.
On Wednesday evening, California became the first state to offer official guidelines acknowledging that wearing a mask could help contain the spread of coronavirus.
In its new “Face Coverings Guidance”, the state’s Department of Public Health said: “There may be a benefit to reducing asymptomatic transmission and reinforcing physical distancing from the use of face coverings. However, face coverings may increase risk if users reduce their use of strong defences, such as physical distancing and frequent hand washing, when using face coverings.”
While the language is cautious, the new advice marks a reversal for state officials. The guidelines still discourage the public from using medical-grade masks needed by beleaguered health care workers, but they do say the public can wear cloth face coverings “made of a variety of materials, such as cotton, silk or linen”
California Governor Gavin Newsom has warned, however, that face coverings were not a substitute for other safety measures.
“They are not a substitute for physical distancing. They are not a substitute for the stay-at-home order. They are not a call for folks to buy N95 masks and surgical masks, pulling them away from … our first responders,” he said on Wednesday.
Vitally, masks do not prevent the wearer from breathing in infectious particles, but they do help curb transmission when worn by infected people. According to the California health department: “Their primary role is to reduce the release of infectious particles into the air when someone speaks, coughs or sneezes, including someone who has Covid-19 but feels well.”
In light of findings by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that as many as 25 per cent of those infected may not show symptoms of any kind, more widespread mask wearing among the general public could make a big difference in slowing the virus’ spread.
The official tune is changing not just in California but in Washington. CNN reported on Wednesday that most members of President Donald Trump’s coronavirus task force now agree that Americans should wear face coverings in public, and that formal guidance on the masks was likely forthcoming.
The Washington Post said the CDC was also considering changing its guidelines and will encourage everyone to wear face coverings in public.
On a local level, the official line on masks has also been changing. On Tuesday, Southern California’s Riverside County rolled out new guidelines “recommending residents cover their nose and mouth when leaving home for essential travel to doctor appointments, grocery shopping or pharmacy visits.”
Since the beginning of the outbreak, American officials and the CDC have urged private citizens not to use masks, saying they should only be worn if a person is symptomatic.
As recently as two weeks ago, US Surgeon General Jerome Adams wrote on Twitter: “Seriously people – STOP BUYING MASKS! They are NOT effective in preventing [the] general public from catching coronavirus, but if health care providers can’t get them to care for sick patients, it puts them and our communities at risk!”
But on Wednesday, Adams went on NBC’s Today show to say he was asking the CDC to investigate whether it should rethink its recommendation on public mask wearing.
Dr Sonia Angell, director of the California Department of Public Health, warned this week that masks would give people a false sense of security, leading them to flout social distancing restrictions. Still, she admitted that they could be an effective measure in preventing infection. “In short,” she said, “there might be some benefit to using these, but only when they’re used well.”
“There is some evidence that using face coverings may reduce asymptomatic infections,” said Angell, “simply decreasing the amount of infectious particles that go into the air when we cough, when we sneeze or particularly when we speak closely to other people.”
The World Health Organisation has continued to say that healthy people do not need to wear masks, although that view is at odds with government actions in many Asian countries.
On Wednesday, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said his government would send cloth masks to every household in Japan. In major Chinese cities like Beijing and Shanghai, mask wearing was made compulsory during the outbreak, and many businesses continue to refuse service to anyone not wearing facial protection.
The use of masks for private citizens has emerged as a point of contention not just between countries but also between different communities in the United States.
Among the East Asian population, wearing a mask when unwell is a cultural norm and considered a part of each person’s collective responsibility for the common good – and doing so has been commonplace since the very beginning of coronavirus. Among non-Asians, many still view mask wearing with suspicion or as unnecessary.
“We had a conference with my Hong Kong University colleagues on Monday and they were all wearing masks while giving the talk,” says Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease expert at the University of California San Francisco. “And that was startling to the American docs here at UCSF because it’s not culturally normal here.”
Even as official response has lagged, Americans have been coming around to the idea of mask wearing, and some are also making their own masks. What began as a way to help overwhelmed health care workers has emerged as a cottage industry, with people comparing their favourite patterns online and masks becoming a popular gift, customised for friends and family members.
Sue Hogan is a retired doctor and also a quilter, and lives in northern California. She started making masks for friends working in undersupplied emergency rooms, then for the staff at her retirement home, and now for her loved ones.
“Many quilters started making them when several hospitals sent out emails to quilt guilds asking them to make cloth masks,” Hogan said. “Quilters always forward to other quilters, and many nurses are quilters. About 10 ladies who live here are making them now.”
She said she learned how to do it from YouTube. “They are very easy to make,” she said. “The first one took me about 20 minutes, now I’m down to about 15.”
Chin-Hong believes that masks have a place among the general population.
“Social distancing for the community is great but not everyone can control their environment – on the subway, the bus, at the cashier at supermarket,” he said, “so in those cases masks or other protection is crucial.”
What if you don’t want to deprive of your local hospital of a mask but you don’t know how to sew?
Chin-Hong says there are still options: “Masks don’t have to be all high grade out in the community. Home-made masks, bandanas, scarves are examples that work.”
Angell, the California public health director, reiterated that masks are just one safety element.
“The most important thing is physical distancing,” she said, “and when that’s done with additional face covering, you may indeed get additional protection.”
Source : https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3078201/coronavirus-us-starts-change-its-thinking-wearing-protective-masks
回主頁
Newspaper Cutting - Main page
001 - Coronavirus: The Covid-19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic. But what does this mean?
002 - Scientists Witness the Death of a Solar System, and the Birth of Necroplanetology
003 - Animals in Thailand’s private parks at risk of hunger as coronavirus pandemic keeps tourists away
005 - Why global switch to renewable hydropower may be the answer to limiting climate change
006 - China’s factories work 24/7 to build medical ventilators for Milan, New York amid spreading global Covid-19 pandemic
007 - Coronavirus job losses 'way worse than anything we saw in the Great Depression:' Economist
008 - Coronavirus: Germany, France accuse Americans of mask ‘piracy’, dirty tricks
009 - Global cruise ship fleets lose US$4 billion in value as coronavirus pandemic idles industry, halving the number of vessels at sea
010 - Coronavirus: for Asia’s emerging economies, working from home is still a work in progress
001 - 010 - (Vocabulary List)
011 - World at risk of second Great Depression due to coronavirus, says Chinese central bank
012 - Falling through the cracks: Many Americans won't get coronavirus checks
012 - Coronavirus: German military asked to secure transport of face masks after US initially accused of ‘piracy’
014 - Tens of thousands prepare to leave Wuhan after spending two months in coronavirus lockdown
015 - Coronavirus: China foreign exchange reserves drop to 17-month low as market turmoil pushes up US dollar
016 - Need a break from coronavirus? Zoo Miami shared photos of cute baby clouded leopards
017 - Ancient string provides further evidence of Neanderthals talents
018 - 5G virus conspiracy theory fuelled by coordinated effort involving bot accounts, researchers say
019 - ‘An epidemic of hate’: Asian-American starts anti-racism campaign to counter abuse over coronavirus
011 - 020 - (Vocabulary List)
021 - Smithfield shutting U.S. pork plant indefinitely, warns of meat shortages during pandemic
022 - 'He basically declared himself King Trump': Cuomo warns of 'constitutional crisis' if Trump doesn't back down on reopening economy
023 - California detective died from the coronavirus after twice being denied test for virus: report
024 - Care Minister ‘laughs’ when asked about care home deaths by Piers Morgan
025 - China's 'artificial sun' runs at 100 million degrees for 10 seconds
026 - Two Chinese students assaulted and robbed during apparent racist attack in Melbourne
027 - Florida, South Carolina reopen beaches as states begin to loosen restrictions
2020年4月2日星期四
Newspaper Cutting 003 - Animals in Thailand’s private parks at risk of hunger as coronavirus pandemic keeps tourists away
Vocabulary :
(1) coronavirus pandemic = 冠狀病毒大流行
(2) outbreak = 爆發
(3) temporary closure = 臨時關閉
(4) recreational site = 娛樂場所
(5) serious setback = 嚴重挫折
(6) take selfies with = 與...自拍
(7) Thailand's Songkran festival = 泰國潑水節
(8) Ayutthaya Elephant Palace = 阿瑜陀耶 (旅遊景點)
(9) scooping up water = 兜起水
(10) trunks = 樹幹
(11) splashing it on = 潑濺
(12) ruins = 廢墟
(13) foraging for food = 覓食
(14) fields = 田
(15) emergency decree = 緊急法令
(16) mahouts = 馴象員
(17) elephant keepers = 大象飼養員
(18) carer = 照顧者
(19) hire out = 租出
(20) disrupt = 打亂
(21) habitat = 棲息地
(22) waged war = 發動戰爭
(23) deer = 鹿
(24) roam = 漫遊
(25) rely on = 依靠
(26) criticism = 批評
(27) intervention = 介入
(28) notably = 明顯地
(29) raid = 襲擊
(30) has temporarily closed = 臨時關閉
(31) founder = 創辨人
(32) entrance fees = 入場費
(33) buffalo = 水牛
(34) marmoset = 狨 (中南美洲熱帶雨林中的一種非常小的猴子)
(35) wildcats = 野貓
(36) skunk = 臭鼬
(37) papaya = 木瓜
(38) forage = 飼料
(39) meerkats = 貓鼬
(40) veterinary surgeons' advice = 獸醫的建議
(41) raw chickens = 生雞
(42) para grass grounds = 巴拉草草地
(43) elephant sanctuary = 大象避難所
(44) global travel restrictions = 全球旅遊限制
(45) donors = 捐贈者
(46) volunteers = 義工
(47) lodging = 住宿
(48) urgency = 緊急
(49) plea = 懇求
(50) drought and wildfires = 乾旱和野火
(51) sanctuary = 避難所
(52) stray = 流浪
(53) logging = 伐木
############################
Animals in Thailand’s private parks at risk of hunger as coronavirus pandemic keeps tourists away - 2 Apr, 2020
- The Covid-19 outbreak has led to the temporary closure of recreational sites in Thailand and a sharp fall in visitor numbers
- This is a serious setback as the parks rely on tourists who come to ride on elephants, take selfies with tigers, interact with animals and watch live shows
Every year during Thailand’s Songkran festival, about 75 elephants at Ayutthaya Elephant Palace and Royal Kraal entertain visitors by scooping up water with their trunks and splashing it on the crowds as part of the water fight the celebration is known for. The camp also draws tourists all year round for its elephant rides around the ruins of the old city of Ayutthaya.
But this year, the elephants will be foraging for food in fields near the Unesco World Heritage Site as the Thai New Year festival has been postponed and the coronavirus outbreak keeps tourists away.
Itthipan Kaolamai, the camp manager, said they shut before the government imposed an emergency decree on March 26 to close recreational sites, as visitor numbers had already dropped.
“We can only pay our staff their full salary for March but we will pay for half for April,” Itthipan said.
The Thai government said this week tourists from China, South Korea and Hong Kong were down by 84.9, 72.6 and 54.8 per cent respectively in February compared to last February.
Camp manager Itthipan said about 60 mahouts, or elephant keepers, will remain behind. “Elephants are bonded with their carers,” he said.
“We owned our elephants from the start, unlike other camps where they sometimes hire out elephants to work,” and they cannot let go of their elephants, he said.
The Covid-19 outbreak has disrupted animal habitats elsewhere. In March, monkeys living in a central town in Thailand waged war on one another due to heat and lack of food as fewer people gave them food. Deer in Nara, Japan, wandered the streets looking for food after the visitors that normally feed them snacks disappeared. And in many countries under lockdown, animals have come out to roam the streets.
The outbreak is a serious setback for many Thai parks that rely on tourists who come to ride on elephants, take selfies with tigers, interact with animals and watch live shows. Some of these parks have attracted criticism and even intervention, most notably the 2016 raid on the Tiger Temple in western Thailand in which over 100 tigers were removed.
Pattaya Elephant Village, opened in 1973, is another park that has temporarily closed. “Since last month, we have had no income. Some days we only had three visitors,” said Purimprud Chaiyakham, the founder’s daughter. The park needs at least 70,000-80,000 baht (US$2,100-2,400) per day from entrance fees and shows to feed thousands of animals ranging from elephants, buffaloes, marmosets, wildcats, and skunks to various types of birds.
Fortunately, its grounds are big enough to have mango, papaya and other kinds of fruit trees for animals like elephants to forage. Food for animals such as meerkats is prepared as per veterinary surgeons’ advice while wildcats are fed raw chickens. “Donations are welcome for their food,” said Purimprud.
Samphran Elephant Ground and Zoo, about an hour from Bangkok, feeds raw chickens to its 8,000 crocodiles, some of which are trained for shows. Marketing director Parita Vacharakul said the facility has its own para grass grounds for its 30 elephants. “We are closed but workers look after the animals the same,” she said.
In the northern city of Chiang Mai, an elephant sanctuary has found itself in financial difficulties as global travel restrictions mean foreign donors and volunteers, who pay for lodgings and other fees, cannot visit.
“I’m looking around at what I can sell, maybe my car,” said Saengduean “Lek” Chailert, 59, owner of Elephant Nature Park and founder of the Save Elephant Foundation.
There is a sense of urgency in Lek’s plea because Chiang Mai’s drought and wildfires mean the supply of sugar cane and banana trunks for elephants are scarce. There are over 80 elephants in the sanctuary, each of which consumes 300kg of food a day at a cost of 1,000 baht (US$30) each. Lek also looks after 98 buffaloes, 700 dogs and 800 cats that were previously stray.
Her sanctuary is one of the few places in Thailand where animals do not have to work in exchange for food. In the 1990s Lek began acquiring elephants that were used in logging or tourism.
“In the past, elephants stopped working when they died. Humans can always ask for help, but animals can’t do that so we have to help them,” she said.
Source : https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3078005/animals-thailands-private-parks-risk-hunger
回主頁
(1) coronavirus pandemic = 冠狀病毒大流行
(2) outbreak = 爆發
(3) temporary closure = 臨時關閉
(4) recreational site = 娛樂場所
(5) serious setback = 嚴重挫折
(6) take selfies with = 與...自拍
(7) Thailand's Songkran festival = 泰國潑水節
(8) Ayutthaya Elephant Palace = 阿瑜陀耶 (旅遊景點)
(9) scooping up water = 兜起水
(10) trunks = 樹幹
(11) splashing it on = 潑濺
(12) ruins = 廢墟
(13) foraging for food = 覓食
(14) fields = 田
(15) emergency decree = 緊急法令
(16) mahouts = 馴象員
(17) elephant keepers = 大象飼養員
(18) carer = 照顧者
(19) hire out = 租出
(20) disrupt = 打亂
(21) habitat = 棲息地
(22) waged war = 發動戰爭
(23) deer = 鹿
(24) roam = 漫遊
(25) rely on = 依靠
(26) criticism = 批評
(27) intervention = 介入
(28) notably = 明顯地
(29) raid = 襲擊
(30) has temporarily closed = 臨時關閉
(31) founder = 創辨人
(32) entrance fees = 入場費
(33) buffalo = 水牛
(34) marmoset = 狨 (中南美洲熱帶雨林中的一種非常小的猴子)
(35) wildcats = 野貓
(36) skunk = 臭鼬
(37) papaya = 木瓜
(38) forage = 飼料
(39) meerkats = 貓鼬
(40) veterinary surgeons' advice = 獸醫的建議
(41) raw chickens = 生雞
(42) para grass grounds = 巴拉草草地
(43) elephant sanctuary = 大象避難所
(44) global travel restrictions = 全球旅遊限制
(45) donors = 捐贈者
(46) volunteers = 義工
(47) lodging = 住宿
(48) urgency = 緊急
(49) plea = 懇求
(50) drought and wildfires = 乾旱和野火
(51) sanctuary = 避難所
(52) stray = 流浪
(53) logging = 伐木
############################
Animals in Thailand’s private parks at risk of hunger as coronavirus pandemic keeps tourists away - 2 Apr, 2020
- The Covid-19 outbreak has led to the temporary closure of recreational sites in Thailand and a sharp fall in visitor numbers
- This is a serious setback as the parks rely on tourists who come to ride on elephants, take selfies with tigers, interact with animals and watch live shows
Every year during Thailand’s Songkran festival, about 75 elephants at Ayutthaya Elephant Palace and Royal Kraal entertain visitors by scooping up water with their trunks and splashing it on the crowds as part of the water fight the celebration is known for. The camp also draws tourists all year round for its elephant rides around the ruins of the old city of Ayutthaya.
But this year, the elephants will be foraging for food in fields near the Unesco World Heritage Site as the Thai New Year festival has been postponed and the coronavirus outbreak keeps tourists away.
Itthipan Kaolamai, the camp manager, said they shut before the government imposed an emergency decree on March 26 to close recreational sites, as visitor numbers had already dropped.
“We can only pay our staff their full salary for March but we will pay for half for April,” Itthipan said.
The Thai government said this week tourists from China, South Korea and Hong Kong were down by 84.9, 72.6 and 54.8 per cent respectively in February compared to last February.
Camp manager Itthipan said about 60 mahouts, or elephant keepers, will remain behind. “Elephants are bonded with their carers,” he said.
“We owned our elephants from the start, unlike other camps where they sometimes hire out elephants to work,” and they cannot let go of their elephants, he said.
The Covid-19 outbreak has disrupted animal habitats elsewhere. In March, monkeys living in a central town in Thailand waged war on one another due to heat and lack of food as fewer people gave them food. Deer in Nara, Japan, wandered the streets looking for food after the visitors that normally feed them snacks disappeared. And in many countries under lockdown, animals have come out to roam the streets.
The outbreak is a serious setback for many Thai parks that rely on tourists who come to ride on elephants, take selfies with tigers, interact with animals and watch live shows. Some of these parks have attracted criticism and even intervention, most notably the 2016 raid on the Tiger Temple in western Thailand in which over 100 tigers were removed.
Pattaya Elephant Village, opened in 1973, is another park that has temporarily closed. “Since last month, we have had no income. Some days we only had three visitors,” said Purimprud Chaiyakham, the founder’s daughter. The park needs at least 70,000-80,000 baht (US$2,100-2,400) per day from entrance fees and shows to feed thousands of animals ranging from elephants, buffaloes, marmosets, wildcats, and skunks to various types of birds.
Fortunately, its grounds are big enough to have mango, papaya and other kinds of fruit trees for animals like elephants to forage. Food for animals such as meerkats is prepared as per veterinary surgeons’ advice while wildcats are fed raw chickens. “Donations are welcome for their food,” said Purimprud.
Samphran Elephant Ground and Zoo, about an hour from Bangkok, feeds raw chickens to its 8,000 crocodiles, some of which are trained for shows. Marketing director Parita Vacharakul said the facility has its own para grass grounds for its 30 elephants. “We are closed but workers look after the animals the same,” she said.
In the northern city of Chiang Mai, an elephant sanctuary has found itself in financial difficulties as global travel restrictions mean foreign donors and volunteers, who pay for lodgings and other fees, cannot visit.
“I’m looking around at what I can sell, maybe my car,” said Saengduean “Lek” Chailert, 59, owner of Elephant Nature Park and founder of the Save Elephant Foundation.
There is a sense of urgency in Lek’s plea because Chiang Mai’s drought and wildfires mean the supply of sugar cane and banana trunks for elephants are scarce. There are over 80 elephants in the sanctuary, each of which consumes 300kg of food a day at a cost of 1,000 baht (US$30) each. Lek also looks after 98 buffaloes, 700 dogs and 800 cats that were previously stray.
Her sanctuary is one of the few places in Thailand where animals do not have to work in exchange for food. In the 1990s Lek began acquiring elephants that were used in logging or tourism.
“In the past, elephants stopped working when they died. Humans can always ask for help, but animals can’t do that so we have to help them,” she said.
Source : https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3078005/animals-thailands-private-parks-risk-hunger
回主頁
Newspaper Cutting 002 - Scientists Witness the Death of a Solar System, and the Birth of Necroplanetology
Vocabulary:
(1) Scientist = 科學家
(2) Witness = 見證
(3) Solar System = 太陽系
(4) Necro = 壞死
(5) planetology = 行星學
(6) Astronomer = 天文學家
(7) coin (v) = to invent a new word or expression, or to use a particular way for the first time.
(8) white dwarf star = 白矮星
(9) light-year = 光年
(10) devouring = 吞食
(11) Greek = 希臘的
(12) dimming = 變暗淡
(13) irregular rate = 不規則的速度
(14) inspection = 檢查
(15) realized = 實現
(16) tidal disruption = 潮汐瓦解
(17) corpse = 屍體
(18) Pre-print = 預印本 (研究成果但未正式出版)
(19) Astrophysical journal = 天文物理期刊
(20) gobble something up = 狼吞虎嚥
(21) supernova = 超新星
(22) black dwaft = 黑矮星
(23) clue = 線索
(24) litter = 扔(垃圾)
(25) exoplanet = 系外行星
(26) doom = 厄運
(27) computer simulation = 電腦模擬
(28) endure = 忍受
(29) mantle = 斗篷
(30) asteriods = 小行星
(31) withstand = 抵擋
(32) disruption = 破壞
(33) disintegrate = 瓦解
(34) appetite = 胃口
(35) thriving = 興旺
#######################################
Scientists Witness the Death of a Solar System, and the Birth of Necroplanetology - 1 Apr, 2020
From Popular Mechanics
- Astronomers have coined a strange new field of science: necroplanetology.
- At the end of their lives, white dwarf stars grow in size, swallowing everything in their system.
- Researchers have observed 21 other stars that exhibit planet-gobbling traits.
Five years ago, astronomers caught a lone white dwarf star, 570 light-years away from Earth, devouring its young like the Greek titan Cronus. They noticed that WD 1145+017 was dimming at an irregular rate, and after closer inspection, realized that the star was devouring the planets in its solar system through a process called tidal disruption.
The discovery marks the beginning of a brand new field of science: Necroplanetology. Slap the Latinized Greek root nekros, meaning "dead," "corpse" and "dead tissue," in front of planetology, the study of planets.
An international team of researchers from Wesleyan University in Connecticut, the University of Colorado, Boulder, and Warwick University in the U.K. first published the findings on the pre-print website arXiv in 2015. It has now been accepted to the Astrophysical Journal for review. They say the discovery could help us understand how planets in different systems get gobbled up by their parent star.
Right before either going supernova or turning into a black dwarf, dying stars turn into white dwarves. Eventually so will our sun, but not for about six billion years. The atmospheres of these stars usually contain lighter elements such as helium and hydrogen. Several important details clued the researchers in on the discovery. First, the team realized that the dimming occurred repeatedly, ever 4.5 to five hours. Second, they discovered that the star's atmosphere was littered with elements typically found in the cores of rocky exoplanets—heavy elements like iron, oxygen and magnesium.
To figure out how these planets met their doom, the researchers created a series of computer simulations that mapped how 36 different types of planets would have endured these conditions. For each of the 36 planetary bodies they created, they set the orbital period to about 4.5 hours and let the simulation run 100 times.
The results showed that rocky bodies with a tiny core and low-density mantle were the most likely to produce the observations they saw. These high-density planets, similar to rocky asteroids like Vesta, are tough enough to withstand the bulk of the disruption, but weak enough to disintegrate within a short period of time. WD 1145+017 isn't the only star with a massive appetite. Astronomers have since observed 21 stars who have been caught dimming in a similar way. Despite its name, the field of necroplanetology is thriving.
Source: https://us.yahoo.com/news/scientists-witness-death-solar-system-151300700.html
(1) Scientist = 科學家
(2) Witness = 見證
(3) Solar System = 太陽系
(4) Necro = 壞死
(5) planetology = 行星學
(6) Astronomer = 天文學家
(7) coin (v) = to invent a new word or expression, or to use a particular way for the first time.
(8) white dwarf star = 白矮星
(9) light-year = 光年
(10) devouring = 吞食
(11) Greek = 希臘的
(12) dimming = 變暗淡
(13) irregular rate = 不規則的速度
(14) inspection = 檢查
(15) realized = 實現
(16) tidal disruption = 潮汐瓦解
(17) corpse = 屍體
(18) Pre-print = 預印本 (研究成果但未正式出版)
(19) Astrophysical journal = 天文物理期刊
(20) gobble something up = 狼吞虎嚥
(21) supernova = 超新星
(22) black dwaft = 黑矮星
(23) clue = 線索
(24) litter = 扔(垃圾)
(25) exoplanet = 系外行星
(26) doom = 厄運
(27) computer simulation = 電腦模擬
(28) endure = 忍受
(29) mantle = 斗篷
(30) asteriods = 小行星
(31) withstand = 抵擋
(32) disruption = 破壞
(33) disintegrate = 瓦解
(34) appetite = 胃口
(35) thriving = 興旺
#######################################
Scientists Witness the Death of a Solar System, and the Birth of Necroplanetology - 1 Apr, 2020
From Popular Mechanics
- Astronomers have coined a strange new field of science: necroplanetology.
- At the end of their lives, white dwarf stars grow in size, swallowing everything in their system.
- Researchers have observed 21 other stars that exhibit planet-gobbling traits.
Five years ago, astronomers caught a lone white dwarf star, 570 light-years away from Earth, devouring its young like the Greek titan Cronus. They noticed that WD 1145+017 was dimming at an irregular rate, and after closer inspection, realized that the star was devouring the planets in its solar system through a process called tidal disruption.
The discovery marks the beginning of a brand new field of science: Necroplanetology. Slap the Latinized Greek root nekros, meaning "dead," "corpse" and "dead tissue," in front of planetology, the study of planets.
An international team of researchers from Wesleyan University in Connecticut, the University of Colorado, Boulder, and Warwick University in the U.K. first published the findings on the pre-print website arXiv in 2015. It has now been accepted to the Astrophysical Journal for review. They say the discovery could help us understand how planets in different systems get gobbled up by their parent star.
Right before either going supernova or turning into a black dwarf, dying stars turn into white dwarves. Eventually so will our sun, but not for about six billion years. The atmospheres of these stars usually contain lighter elements such as helium and hydrogen. Several important details clued the researchers in on the discovery. First, the team realized that the dimming occurred repeatedly, ever 4.5 to five hours. Second, they discovered that the star's atmosphere was littered with elements typically found in the cores of rocky exoplanets—heavy elements like iron, oxygen and magnesium.
To figure out how these planets met their doom, the researchers created a series of computer simulations that mapped how 36 different types of planets would have endured these conditions. For each of the 36 planetary bodies they created, they set the orbital period to about 4.5 hours and let the simulation run 100 times.
The results showed that rocky bodies with a tiny core and low-density mantle were the most likely to produce the observations they saw. These high-density planets, similar to rocky asteroids like Vesta, are tough enough to withstand the bulk of the disruption, but weak enough to disintegrate within a short period of time. WD 1145+017 isn't the only star with a massive appetite. Astronomers have since observed 21 stars who have been caught dimming in a similar way. Despite its name, the field of necroplanetology is thriving.
Source: https://us.yahoo.com/news/scientists-witness-death-solar-system-151300700.html
2020年4月1日星期三
Newspaper Cutting 001 - Coronavirus: The Covid-19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic. But what does this mean?
Vocabulary:
(1) Coronavirus = 冠狀病毒
(2) outbreak = 爆發
(3) has been declared = 被宣布
(4) pandemic = 大流行
(5) immunity = 免疫
(6) spread = 傳播
(7) beyond expectations = 出乎意料
(8) geographical = 地域性
(9) declare = 宣布
(10) threshold = 門檻
(11) ultimate decision = 最後決定
(12) second wave = 第二波
(13) community = 社區
(14) epidemic = 流行性
(15) protocols = 協議
(16) hygiene = 衛生
(17) frequent handwashing = 勤洗手
(18) maintaining a safe distance from people = 與人保持安全距離
##########################################
Coronavirus: The Covid-19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic. But what does this mean?
The World Health Organisation announced the decision on Wednesday - 12 Mar, 2020
What is a pandemic?
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared the Covid-19 outbreak a pandemic. But what exactly does this mean?
According to WHO, a pandemic is declared when a new disease, for which people do not have immunity, spreads across the world beyond expectations, and causes illness in humans. It has nothing to do with changes to characteristics of the disease, but is instead associated with its geographical spread.
When does it get declared?
The WHO decides if, and when, to declare the spread of an illness a pandemic. While there is no threshold – that includes the number of deaths, infections and countries affected – that needs to be met, the ultimate decision is up to the organisation.
Cases that involve travellers infected in a foreign country, who have returned home and passed it onto other individuals, do not count towards declaring a pandemic. In order for a pandemic to be declared, there must be a second wave of infection from person to person throughout the community.
An epidemic, on the other hand, is a sudden increase in cases of an illness or disease that can be unique to one country or community.
What next?
The WHO has stressed that using the word “pandemic” does not signal any change in how to treat the Covid-19 virus. Countries must still follow strict protocols and we should continue to practice safe hygiene, including frequent handwashing and maintaining a safe distance from people.
Source : https://yp.scmp.com/news/international/article/115938/coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak-has-been-declared-pandemic-what-does
(1) Coronavirus = 冠狀病毒
(2) outbreak = 爆發
(3) has been declared = 被宣布
(4) pandemic = 大流行
(5) immunity = 免疫
(6) spread = 傳播
(7) beyond expectations = 出乎意料
(8) geographical = 地域性
(9) declare = 宣布
(10) threshold = 門檻
(11) ultimate decision = 最後決定
(12) second wave = 第二波
(13) community = 社區
(14) epidemic = 流行性
(15) protocols = 協議
(16) hygiene = 衛生
(17) frequent handwashing = 勤洗手
(18) maintaining a safe distance from people = 與人保持安全距離
##########################################
Coronavirus: The Covid-19 outbreak has been declared a pandemic. But what does this mean?
The World Health Organisation announced the decision on Wednesday - 12 Mar, 2020
What is a pandemic?
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has declared the Covid-19 outbreak a pandemic. But what exactly does this mean?
According to WHO, a pandemic is declared when a new disease, for which people do not have immunity, spreads across the world beyond expectations, and causes illness in humans. It has nothing to do with changes to characteristics of the disease, but is instead associated with its geographical spread.
When does it get declared?
The WHO decides if, and when, to declare the spread of an illness a pandemic. While there is no threshold – that includes the number of deaths, infections and countries affected – that needs to be met, the ultimate decision is up to the organisation.
Cases that involve travellers infected in a foreign country, who have returned home and passed it onto other individuals, do not count towards declaring a pandemic. In order for a pandemic to be declared, there must be a second wave of infection from person to person throughout the community.
An epidemic, on the other hand, is a sudden increase in cases of an illness or disease that can be unique to one country or community.
What next?
The WHO has stressed that using the word “pandemic” does not signal any change in how to treat the Covid-19 virus. Countries must still follow strict protocols and we should continue to practice safe hygiene, including frequent handwashing and maintaining a safe distance from people.
Source : https://yp.scmp.com/news/international/article/115938/coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak-has-been-declared-pandemic-what-does
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