HKDSE Biology
Compulsory Part
Elective Part (2 out of 4)
2020年2月13日 星期四
生命簡史 古生物放置攻略 - 不同生物的詳細資料
古細菌 (Archaea)︰
古細菌常生活於熱泉水、缺氧湖底、鹽水湖等極端環境中，古核細胞遺傳的信息量較小，是世界上最早的生物。
Archaea often live in extreme environments such as hot springs, the bottom of anoxic lakes, and salt lakes.
The genetic information of ancient nucleated cells is small, and it is the earliest organism in the world.
草履蟲 (Paramecium)︰
草履蟲是一種身體很小，圓筒形的原生動物，它只由一個細胞構成，是單細胞動物，雌雄同體。
Paramecium is a small, cylindrical protozoa. It consists of only one cell and is a single-celled hermaphrodites animals.
夜光蟲 (Noctiluca)︰
夜光蟲是一類生活在海水中的原生動物，它們在夜間由於海水波動的刺激能發光，因而得名。
Noctiluca is a type of protozoa that lives in the sea. They are named after their light at night by the stimuli of the sea wave.
斯普里格蠕蟲 (Spriggina)︰
斯普里格蠕蟲是埃迪卡拉生物群的一種生物，其兩側的體節呈滑移對稱，這些體節被稱為異構體節。
The Spriggina is a organism of the Ediacara biome, with the body segments on both sides being slip-symmetrical. These segments are called isomer nodes.
海口魚 (Haikouichthys)︰
海口魚是一種無頜的魚形動物，頭部有六到九片鰓，有明顯的背鰭，是已知最原始的脊椎動物。
The Haikouichthys is a fish-shaped animal with no jaws. It has six to nine gills and obvious dorsal fins. It is the most primitive known vertebrate.
滇氏蟲 (Diania)︰
滇氏蟲外形酷似仙人掌，兩側具有10對帶刺的腿肢，可在海底行走，它揭示了葉足動物如何向節肢動物演化。
The Diania is like a cactus. It has 10 pairs of barbed legs on both sides and can walk in the sea. It reveals how the lobopodia animals evolved into arthropods.
擬油櫛蟲 (Olenoides)︰
擬油櫛蟲隸屬三葉蟲綱，三葉蟲作為眾多生物的代表，揭開了地球走進生物多樣化的序幕。
The Olenoides belongs to the trilobite class. As the representation of many creatures, trilobite unveiled the prelude of the earth's entry into biodiversity.
奇蝦 (Anomalocaridids)︰
奇蝦頭部長著一對巨型複眼、一對巨型前肢，體型遠遠大於當時的其它物種，是寒武紀最龐大的「頂級捕食者」。
The Anomalocaridids has a pair of giant compound eyes and a pair of giant forelimbs. They are much larger than other species at that time. It's the largest "top predators" of the Cambrian.
阿蘭達甲魚 (Prionotolepis)︰
阿蘭達甲魚可能是濾食性動物，擁有流線型的身體，外部包覆硬甲，沒有鰭，靠尾巴左右擺動前進。
The Prionotolepis may be a filter feeder. It has a streamlined body covered by a hard armor, no fins, and swings forward by the tail.
巨型羽翅鱟 (Megalograptus)︰
巨型羽翅鱟在海底漫遊並尋找食物，是已知第一種從水中移居到陸地，並知道如何蛻殼的動物。
Megalograptus roams the sea to look for food. It is the first known animal that migrates from the water to the land and knows how to clam shells.
海神盔蝦 (Aegirocassis)︰
海神盔蝦大約是當時所有生物的2倍大，但別被它的大小嚇到，因為它只是個吃浮游生物的溫柔海神。
The Aegirocassis is about twice as large as all creatures at the time, but don't be scared by its size, because it is just a gentle sea god eating plankton.
直殼鸚鵡螺 (Nautilus)︰
直殼鸚鵡螺擁有巨大的身體、靈活的腕足、強大的嘴以及發達的眼睛，是繼奇蝦之後的第二個世界霸主。
The Nautilus has a huge body, a flexible wrist, a strong mouth and well-developed eyes. It is the second world hegemon after the shrimp.
全頜魚 (Entelognathus)︰
全頜魚既具有盾皮魚類的骨片，又具有硬骨魚類的頜骨，是最早擁有現代頜骨的生物，揭示了頜骨的起源。
The Entelognathus has both the bones of the placodermi fish and the jaw bones of the bony fish. It is the earliest creature with modern jaw bones, revealing the origin of the jaw bone.
麒麟魚 (Bothriolepis)︰
麒麟魚頭部有點像海豚，前端有前伸的扁平吻突，口和鼻孔都位於腹面，軀體呈長長的箱形，底部平坦。
The Bothriolepis is a bit like a dolphin. The front end has a flat snout, and the mouth and nostrils are at the ventral surface. The body has a long box shape with a flat bottom.
鬼魚 (Guiyu oneiros)︰
鬼魚長著鯊魚一樣的刺，頰部骨骼排列像青魚一樣，腦袋有前後關節，代表著人類遙遠祖先的一個分支。
The Guiyu oneiros has a thorn like the shark, the cheek bones are arranged like a herring, and the head has front and rear joints, representing a branch of the distant ancestors of mankind.
廣翅鱟 (Eurypterida)︰
廣翅鱟生活在河口和三角洲附近，是可怕的食肉群居動物，全身覆蓋著厚厚的外骨骼形成的鎧甲。
The Eurypterida lives near the estuary and delta. It is a terrible carnivorous social animal, covered with thick exoskeleton.
布龍度蝎子 (Brontoscorpio anglicus)︰
布龍度蝎子像現今蝎子，但體型較大，也有更大的複眼，它們可以離開水面到達陸地，是一種恐佈的掠食者。
Brontoscorpio anglicus are like today's scorpions, but they are larger and have larger compound eyes. They can leave the water and reach the land. It is a horrible predator.
小肢魚 (Microbrachius dicki)︰
小肢魚頭大身小，雄性腹面軀體甲殼末端有一對側枝，是一種雄性外生殖器，用來將精子輪送到雌性體內。
The Microbrachius dicki has large head and small body. The male ventral body has a pair of lateral branches at the end of the carapace. It is a male external genitalia used to transport sperm to the female body.
母親魚 (Materpiscis)︰
母親魚游動緩慢，以硬觳的無脊椎動物為食，是具備性行為、能夠「生孩子」的最早例證，是已知最早的胎生脊椎動物。
The Materpiscis swims slowly and feeds on hard-shelled invertebrates. It is the earliest example of sexual behavior and the ability to "bring a child". It is the earliest known viviparous vertebrate.
東生魚 (Tungsenia)︰
東生魚的下頜呈現出典型的四足動物特徵，兼具原始有頜類與典型陸生脊椎動物的特徵，是已知最早的基幹四足動物。
The lower jaw of the Tungsenia exhibits the characteristics of a typical quadruped animal. It has both characteristics of primitive jaws and typical terrestrial vertebrates. It is the earliest known backbone quadruped.
斑鱗魚 (Psarolepis)︰
斑鱗魚兼具肉鰭魚類和輻鰭魚類的特徵，頭顱前部骨骼和頰部骨骼都與輻鰭魚類吻合，可能是最原始的肉鰭魚類。
The scallop fish is characterized by both fsarcopterygii and actinopterygii, and the anterior and buccal bones of the skull are consistent with the actinopterygii. It may be the most primitive fsarcopterygii.
鄧氏魚 (Dunkleosteus)︰
鄧氏魚處於食物鏈頂端，重量可達1.1噸，被視為泥盆紀最大的獵食者，是泥盆紀出現過的最大的食肉硬骨魚類。
At the top of the food chain, the Dunkleosteus weighs 1.1 tons and is considered as the largest predator of the Devonian. It is the largest carnivorous bony fish that has appeared in the Devonian.
中突珠 (Mesothelae)︰
中突蛛有人頭般大小，但它們並未能進入食物鏈的上層，反而成為了其他巨型昆蟲的食物。
The Mesothelae are as big as a human head, but they fail to enter the upper layers of the food chain and become food for other giant insects.
始祖單弓獸 (Archaeothyris)︰
始祖單弓獸的體型較大，頜部強壯，且能張得比其他早期爬行動物還大，具有較大的犬齒，顯示它們是肉食性動物。
The Archaeothyris has large size and strong jaws. They can be enlarged larger than other early reptiles. It has large canines, indicating that they are carnivores.
普莫諾蠍 (Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis)︰
普莫諾蠍又稱為肺蠍，是一種巨型蝎子，是可怕的殺手，主要捕捉其他節肢動物作為食物。
Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis, also known as the lung scorpion, is a giant scorpion, a terrible killer that primarily captures other arthropods as food.
巨脈蜻蜓 (Meganeura monyi)︰
巨脈蜻蜓的外貌與現代蜻蜓接近，翅膀展開有75厘米，是地球上出現過的最大的昆蟲，以其他昆蟲為食。
The appearance of the Meganeura monyi is close to that of the modern dragonfly. The unfolded wings are 75 centimeters. It is the largest insect that has appeared on the earth and feeds on other insects.
節胸蜈蚣 (Arthropleura)︰
節胸蜈蚣是陸地上最大型的無脊椎動物，行走迅速，在陸地上只有少數的天敵，沒有強化的口器，以植物碎屑為食。
The Arthropleura is the largest invertebrate on land. It walks quickly. There are only a few natural enemies on the land. It has no fortified mouthparts and feeds on plant debris.
原水蠍螈︰
原水蠍螈生活在沼澤環境，是頂尖的掠食者，可以在陸地及水中覓食，它們用肺呼吸，可以走到更深的森林中。
冠鱷獸︰
冠鱷獸是雜食性獸孔目動物，體型與成年公牛一樣大，並擁有數個大型角狀物，可能是用來作為視覺展示物。
偉鱷獸︰
偉鱷獸是肉食性動物，以其他脊推動物為食，有銳利的門齒以及犬齒，相當適合咬獵物。
基龍︰
基龍具備蜥蝪或者鱷類的匍匐而行的四肢構造與爬行姿態，作為草食動物，他們會成群來抵抗肉食動物。
異齒龍︰
異齒龍是大型頂級掠食動物，有切割用的牙齒與銳利的犬齒，它的牙齒最後發展成現代哺乳類的不同功能牙齒。
杯鼻龍︰
杯鼻龍的體型巨大，但頭部小，身體呈大水桶狀，重達2噸，四肢粗壯，腳掌扁平，具有大型趾爪。
麗齒龍︰
麗齒龍是首次長有犬齒的動物，生活於沙漠與針葉林中，奔跑時速超過 10 千米，是當時陸地上最強大的掠食者之一。
始盜龍︰
始盜龍可能已知恐龍中最原始的一種，也是食草蜥腳類恐龍的祖先之一，可能是雜食恐龍。
始奔龍︰
始奔龍是一種小型兩足雜食動物，牙齒呈葉子形狀，脛骨比股骨長，行動迅速，是已知最早的鳥臀目恐龍之一。
南十字龍︰
南十字龍是已知最古老的恐龍之一，能將較小的獵物，沿著小而往後彎曲的牙齒，往喉嚨後方推動。
黑水龍︰
黑水龍是一種原蜥腳下目恐龍，重 75 千克，是已知最早的恐龍之一，板龍和它們有親緣關係。
埃雷拉龍︰
埃雷拉龍是速度相當快的兩足肉食性恐龍，是最古老的恐龍之一，它證明了恐龍來源於同一個祖先。
哥斯拉龍︰
哥斯拉龍是最早的一種主要的獸腳亞目恐龍，它們的體型相對較小，但可能是當時北美洲最大的掠食者。
板龍︰
板龍是一種原蜥腳下目恐龍，是最早的大型蜥腳類動物之一，牙齒適合吃植物，偶爾以小動物為食，依靠後腿行走。
小盾龍︰
小盾龍體型較小，用兩足行走，身上覆蓋著幾百塊骨質鱗甲用來防禦，是最早的裝甲恐龍之一，是劍龍和甲龍的視先。
虛形龍︰
虛形龍是已知最早的恐龍之一，皮膚上長著鱗片，長有銳利的鋸齒狀牙齒，居住在流域附近，單獨或成小群獵食。
怪嘴龍︰
怪嘴龍是最早的甲龍之一，骨盆上覆蓋著一層厚骨板，背上有短的骨刺，嘴巴前部有7顆牙齒，吃低矮的植物。
美扭椎龍︰
美扭椎龍有像鱷魚一樣的狹窄的頜，從不遠離水，它沿著海岸線，在淺湖和小島四周捕獵，覓食海洋生物。
雙脊龍︰
雙脊龍是一種體型較輕的獸腳亞目恐龍，雄性雙脊龍可能會上下點頭來炫耀冠飾、吸引異性或威嚇敵人。
斑龍︰
斑龍是一種大型的二足肉食動物，它們可以攻擊最大型的蜥腳類恐龍，有強壯的趾爪和鋒利的牙齒捕殺獵物。
冰脊龍︰
冰脊龍是首例在南極洲發現的肉食性恐龍，頭部有奇異冠狀物，重5000千克，是侏羅紀早期獸腳亞目中最重的恐龍。
細顎龍︰
細顎龍具有敏銳的目光，捕獵能力很強，可以跑得很快，並且能夠突然加速去捕捉跑的最快的小動物。
近蜥龍︰
近蜥龍是小型、最早的蜥腳類恐龍，體重只有32千克，只吃地面上的植物，走路很慢，奔跑速度不及肉食動物。
橡樹龍︰
橡樹龍是一種食草性恐龍，體格輕巧，與禽龍有親緣關係，唯一的防禦武器就是速度，可能是禽龍類直系袓先的近親。
釘狀龍︰
釘狀龍脖子和背上長著成對的骨板，臂部和尾巴上有成對的尖刺，受到威脅時會以後腿為支點轉圈，將尾巴甩向敵人。
角鼻龍︰
角鼻龍鼻子末端的角在成年後才長出來，只是角太小，只能用來嚇唬對手或敵人，更多用強壯的前臂將對手推到在地。
劍龍︰
劍龍是一種裝甲恐龍，背部有17塊高高的骨質板，尾巴上有4根尖刺，骨板用於炫耀、保持身體涼爽以及防衛。
異特龍︰
異特龍的頭骨很大，頜肌發達，能捕殺劍龍、鳥腳下目恐龍，甚至大型蜥腳下目恐龍，是一種龐大凶猛的肉食性恐龍。
圓頂龍︰
圓頂龍是一種大型植食恐龍，專門吃堅硬的、纖維狀的植物，用粗大的19厘米長的牙齒咀嚼樹葉，可能嗅覺敏銳。
尾羽龍︰
尾羽龍混合了爬行動物和鳥類的特徵，可以高速奔跑，雖然前肢和尾巴上有長長的羽毛，但依然不足以飛行。
帝龍︰
帝龍是一個小型帶羽毛的獵手，但它們不能飛，帝龍身上的羽毛是用來保暖的，它是霸王龍家族的早期成員。
鸚鵡嘴龍︰
鸚鵡嘴龍的嘴與鸚鵡相似，牙齒可以切碎植物，但無法咀嚼，尾巴上有長達16厘米的剛毛。
加斯頓龍︰
加斯頓龍的骨盆上方有一個骨盾，背上有大而尖的骨刺，尾巴上有一排小的朝向側面的骨刺，用盔甲擊退掠食者。
猶他盜龍︰
猶他盜龍是一體型巨大的馳龍，腳上有23厘米長的趾爪，行動很快，能抓住比它們體型小的任何動物。
烏爾禾龍︰
烏爾禾龍的尾巴末端有4根尖刺，脊骨上長著一排骨板，行動遲緩，體型龐大，無法奔跑，可能是最後一批劍龍之一。
重爪龍︰
重爪龍在海岸線附近生活，用細長的嘴巴將魚類等獵物從水中叼出來，有64顆鋒利的牙齒，能咬住身體滑溜的獵物。
阿馬加龍︰
阿馬加龍的背部有兩排平行的叫「神經棘」的棘刺，可能是用來吸引異性、警告掠食者或幫助身體保持涼爽。
棱齒龍︰
棱齒龍吃低矮的植物，喜歡嫩枝和根莖，用嘴剪斷嫩枝，再用葉子形狀的牙齒咀嚼，它們還可能是飛毛腿。
原角龍 (Protoceratops)︰
原角龍有一個發育良好的頭盾，頭盾上沒有角，有像鸚鵡一樣的喙，能切斷植物，剪刀似的牙齒能把食物切碎。
The Protoceratops has a well-developed head shield without horn, a parrot-like cockroach that can cut plants, and scissors-like teeth can chop the food.
似鵜鶘龍 (Pelecanimimus)︰
似鵜鶘龍最突出的特徵之一是頸部下方的皮膚皺褶，這是一個儲存食物的嚢，和鵜鶘的嚢相似。
One of the most prominent features of the Pelecanimimus is the skin folds beneath the neck, a sac that stores food, similar to the sac of pelecanidae.
恐爪龍 (Deinonychus)︰
恐爪龍體型不大，卻是可怕的掠食者，它們腳上第二根腳趾長著鋒利的、像鐮刀一樣的長達12厘米的爪子。
The Deinonychus are small, but they are horrible predators. The second toe on their feet has a sharp, 12-cm-long claw like a sickle.
龍王龍 (Dracorex)︰
龍王龍的頭上有尖刺和結節，平坦的顱骨顯示出可能長成圓頂狀的跡象，它不是一個獨立的種類，而是年幼的厚頭龍。
Dracorex has spikes and nodules on his head. The flat skull shows signs of a dome-shaped appearance. It is not an independent species,but a young Pachycephalosaurus.
翼龍 (Pteranodon)︰
翼龍是種會飛的爬行動物，它們不是恐龍，也許會有皮毛，但是不會有羽毛，能夠扇動它們的翅膀飛翔很長的距離。
The Pteranodons are flying reptiles. They are not dinosaurs. They may have fur, but they will not have features. They can fan their wings and fly for a long distance.
鯊齒龍 (Carcharodontosaurus)︰
鯊齒龍行動迅速、牙齒鋒利，以蜥腳類恐龍和其他大型植食動物為食。牙齒呈三角形，看起來像大白鯊的牙齒。
The Carcharodontosaurus moves quickly and has sharp teeth, feeding on sauropods and other large herbivores. The teeth are triangular and look like the teeth of a great white shark.
巨獸龍 (Giganotosaurs)︰
巨獸龍是身軀最龐大的獸腳亞目恐龍，頭骨約2米長，它和鯊齒龍、霸王龍在競爭 "有史以來最大的掠食恐龍" 的稱號。
The Giganotosaurus has the largest body in theropod dinosaurs. The skull is about 2 meters long. It competes with the carcharodontosaurus and the tyrannosaurus in the title of "the largest predatory dinosaur ever".
冥河龍 (Stygimoloch)︰
冥河龍體型和習性很像野山羊，頭部的圓頂可以抵受猛烈的衝撞，周圍的角刺則可用來相互碰撞，充當禦敵的武器。
The shape and habits of the Stygimoloch are similar to wild goats. The dome of the head can withstand violent collisions, and the surrounding horns can be used to collide with each other and serve as weapons for the enemy.
迅猛龍 (Velociraptor)︰
迅猛龍是一種體型小、行動迅捷的掠食者，腳上有致命的鐮刀形狀的趾爪，大腦較大，這說明它們是最聰明的恐龍之一。
The Velociraptor is a small, fast-moving predator with deadly sickle-shaped toe claws on its feet. They have large brains, which means they are one of the smartest dinosaurs.
甲龍 (Ankylosaurus)︰
甲龍的頭骨覆蓋著盔甲，它們的奔跑速度不及肉食恐龍，但是它們就像是一輛重型坦克，很難被撞倒。
The skulls of the Ankylosaurus are covered with armor. They run at less than carnivorous dinosaurs, but they are like a heavy tank and can hardly be knocked down.
食肉牛龍 (Carnotaurus)︰
食肉牛龍眼睛上方有兩隻短而粗的角，頭顱骨小而厚實，下頜脆弱，牙齒長而細，可能無法一口咬死獵物。
There are two short, thick horns above the eyes of the Carnotaurus. The skull is small and thick, the jaw is fragile, and the teeth are long and thin. It may not be able to kill the prey by one bite.
三角龍 (Triceratops)︰
三角龍是最後一批出現在地球上恐龍，用頭上巨大而鋒利的角抵禦掠食者的攻擊，眼睛上方的兩個角龍長到1米多。
The Triceratops is the last group of dinosaurs that appeared on Earth. They used a huge, sharp horn on their heads to resist the attack of predators. The two horns above the eyes can grow to more than a meter.
副櫛龍 (Parasaurolophus)︰
副櫛龍用頭上長而中空的冠飾，發出低頻聲音，在很遠的地方也能聽見，吼叫時空氣進入鼻孔，經過空心管進入喉嚨。
The Parasaurolophus uses a long, hallow crown on the head to emit low-frequency sounds, which can be heard from far away. When howling, the air enters the nostrils and goes to the throat by the hallow tube.
棘龍 (Spinosaurus)︰
棘龍背部有一個「帆」，能幫助身體降溫，棘龍長18米，重20多噸，可能是體型最大的肉食動物。
There is a "sail" on the back of the Spinosaurus, which can help to cool down the body. The spinosaurus is 18 meters long and weighs more than 20 tons. It may be the largest carnivorous animal.
霸王龍 (Tyrannosaurus)︰
霸王龍有著敏銳的視力、有力的頜和強壯的腿，是最著名的肉食恐龍，也是一種兇猛的掠食者。
With its keen eyesight, powerful jaws and strong legs. Tyrannosaurus is the most famous carnivorous dinosaur and a ferocious predator.
強齒袋鼠 (Ekaltadeta)︰
強齒袋鼠是一種牙齒特別強壯的食物袋鼠，它們性情兇暴，很可能是晚期肉食性袋鼠的共同祖先。
The Ekaltadeta is a carnivorous kangaroo with particularly strong teeth. They are violent and are likely to be the common ancestors of late carnivorous kangaroos.
南方古猿 (Australopithecus)︰
南方古猿已經直立行走，使用天然工具，生活方式可能為群體生活，共同尋找食物，共同防止其他猛禽野獸的攻擊。
Australopithecus have been able to walk upright and use natural tools. Lifestyle may be group life. Find food together, and jointly prevent attacking from other raptors.
鬣齒獸 (Hyaenodon)︰
鬣齒獸外形很像鬣狗，但力量要比現在的獅子強大得多，頭大腿長，嗅覺敏銳，奔跑迅捷，即使面對劍齒虎也能占得上風。
The shape of the Hyaenodon is like a hyena, but the strength is much stronger than the current lion, the head is long, the sense of smell is sharp. It runs fast, even if facing the Machairodus, it can get the upper hand.
劍齒虎 (Machairodus)︰
古細菌常生活於熱泉水、缺氧湖底、鹽水湖等極端環境中，古核細胞遺傳的信息量較小，是世界上最早的生物。
Archaea often live in extreme environments such as hot springs, the bottom of anoxic lakes, and salt lakes.
The genetic information of ancient nucleated cells is small, and it is the earliest organism in the world.
草履蟲 (Paramecium)︰
草履蟲是一種身體很小，圓筒形的原生動物，它只由一個細胞構成，是單細胞動物，雌雄同體。
Paramecium is a small, cylindrical protozoa. It consists of only one cell and is a single-celled hermaphrodites animals.
夜光蟲 (Noctiluca)︰
夜光蟲是一類生活在海水中的原生動物，它們在夜間由於海水波動的刺激能發光，因而得名。
Noctiluca is a type of protozoa that lives in the sea. They are named after their light at night by the stimuli of the sea wave.
斯普里格蠕蟲 (Spriggina)︰
斯普里格蠕蟲是埃迪卡拉生物群的一種生物，其兩側的體節呈滑移對稱，這些體節被稱為異構體節。
The Spriggina is a organism of the Ediacara biome, with the body segments on both sides being slip-symmetrical. These segments are called isomer nodes.
海口魚 (Haikouichthys)︰
海口魚是一種無頜的魚形動物，頭部有六到九片鰓，有明顯的背鰭，是已知最原始的脊椎動物。
The Haikouichthys is a fish-shaped animal with no jaws. It has six to nine gills and obvious dorsal fins. It is the most primitive known vertebrate.
滇氏蟲 (Diania)︰
滇氏蟲外形酷似仙人掌，兩側具有10對帶刺的腿肢，可在海底行走，它揭示了葉足動物如何向節肢動物演化。
The Diania is like a cactus. It has 10 pairs of barbed legs on both sides and can walk in the sea. It reveals how the lobopodia animals evolved into arthropods.
擬油櫛蟲 (Olenoides)︰
擬油櫛蟲隸屬三葉蟲綱，三葉蟲作為眾多生物的代表，揭開了地球走進生物多樣化的序幕。
The Olenoides belongs to the trilobite class. As the representation of many creatures, trilobite unveiled the prelude of the earth's entry into biodiversity.
奇蝦 (Anomalocaridids)︰
奇蝦頭部長著一對巨型複眼、一對巨型前肢，體型遠遠大於當時的其它物種，是寒武紀最龐大的「頂級捕食者」。
The Anomalocaridids has a pair of giant compound eyes and a pair of giant forelimbs. They are much larger than other species at that time. It's the largest "top predators" of the Cambrian.
阿蘭達甲魚 (Prionotolepis)︰
阿蘭達甲魚可能是濾食性動物，擁有流線型的身體，外部包覆硬甲，沒有鰭，靠尾巴左右擺動前進。
The Prionotolepis may be a filter feeder. It has a streamlined body covered by a hard armor, no fins, and swings forward by the tail.
巨型羽翅鱟 (Megalograptus)︰
巨型羽翅鱟在海底漫遊並尋找食物，是已知第一種從水中移居到陸地，並知道如何蛻殼的動物。
Megalograptus roams the sea to look for food. It is the first known animal that migrates from the water to the land and knows how to clam shells.
海神盔蝦 (Aegirocassis)︰
海神盔蝦大約是當時所有生物的2倍大，但別被它的大小嚇到，因為它只是個吃浮游生物的溫柔海神。
The Aegirocassis is about twice as large as all creatures at the time, but don't be scared by its size, because it is just a gentle sea god eating plankton.
直殼鸚鵡螺 (Nautilus)︰
直殼鸚鵡螺擁有巨大的身體、靈活的腕足、強大的嘴以及發達的眼睛，是繼奇蝦之後的第二個世界霸主。
The Nautilus has a huge body, a flexible wrist, a strong mouth and well-developed eyes. It is the second world hegemon after the shrimp.
全頜魚 (Entelognathus)︰
全頜魚既具有盾皮魚類的骨片，又具有硬骨魚類的頜骨，是最早擁有現代頜骨的生物，揭示了頜骨的起源。
The Entelognathus has both the bones of the placodermi fish and the jaw bones of the bony fish. It is the earliest creature with modern jaw bones, revealing the origin of the jaw bone.
麒麟魚 (Bothriolepis)︰
麒麟魚頭部有點像海豚，前端有前伸的扁平吻突，口和鼻孔都位於腹面，軀體呈長長的箱形，底部平坦。
The Bothriolepis is a bit like a dolphin. The front end has a flat snout, and the mouth and nostrils are at the ventral surface. The body has a long box shape with a flat bottom.
鬼魚 (Guiyu oneiros)︰
鬼魚長著鯊魚一樣的刺，頰部骨骼排列像青魚一樣，腦袋有前後關節，代表著人類遙遠祖先的一個分支。
The Guiyu oneiros has a thorn like the shark, the cheek bones are arranged like a herring, and the head has front and rear joints, representing a branch of the distant ancestors of mankind.
廣翅鱟 (Eurypterida)︰
廣翅鱟生活在河口和三角洲附近，是可怕的食肉群居動物，全身覆蓋著厚厚的外骨骼形成的鎧甲。
The Eurypterida lives near the estuary and delta. It is a terrible carnivorous social animal, covered with thick exoskeleton.
布龍度蝎子 (Brontoscorpio anglicus)︰
布龍度蝎子像現今蝎子，但體型較大，也有更大的複眼，它們可以離開水面到達陸地，是一種恐佈的掠食者。
Brontoscorpio anglicus are like today's scorpions, but they are larger and have larger compound eyes. They can leave the water and reach the land. It is a horrible predator.
小肢魚 (Microbrachius dicki)︰
小肢魚頭大身小，雄性腹面軀體甲殼末端有一對側枝，是一種雄性外生殖器，用來將精子輪送到雌性體內。
The Microbrachius dicki has large head and small body. The male ventral body has a pair of lateral branches at the end of the carapace. It is a male external genitalia used to transport sperm to the female body.
母親魚 (Materpiscis)︰
母親魚游動緩慢，以硬觳的無脊椎動物為食，是具備性行為、能夠「生孩子」的最早例證，是已知最早的胎生脊椎動物。
The Materpiscis swims slowly and feeds on hard-shelled invertebrates. It is the earliest example of sexual behavior and the ability to "bring a child". It is the earliest known viviparous vertebrate.
東生魚 (Tungsenia)︰
東生魚的下頜呈現出典型的四足動物特徵，兼具原始有頜類與典型陸生脊椎動物的特徵，是已知最早的基幹四足動物。
The lower jaw of the Tungsenia exhibits the characteristics of a typical quadruped animal. It has both characteristics of primitive jaws and typical terrestrial vertebrates. It is the earliest known backbone quadruped.
斑鱗魚 (Psarolepis)︰
斑鱗魚兼具肉鰭魚類和輻鰭魚類的特徵，頭顱前部骨骼和頰部骨骼都與輻鰭魚類吻合，可能是最原始的肉鰭魚類。
The scallop fish is characterized by both fsarcopterygii and actinopterygii, and the anterior and buccal bones of the skull are consistent with the actinopterygii. It may be the most primitive fsarcopterygii.
鄧氏魚 (Dunkleosteus)︰
鄧氏魚處於食物鏈頂端，重量可達1.1噸，被視為泥盆紀最大的獵食者，是泥盆紀出現過的最大的食肉硬骨魚類。
At the top of the food chain, the Dunkleosteus weighs 1.1 tons and is considered as the largest predator of the Devonian. It is the largest carnivorous bony fish that has appeared in the Devonian.
中突珠 (Mesothelae)︰
中突蛛有人頭般大小，但它們並未能進入食物鏈的上層，反而成為了其他巨型昆蟲的食物。
The Mesothelae are as big as a human head, but they fail to enter the upper layers of the food chain and become food for other giant insects.
始祖單弓獸 (Archaeothyris)︰
始祖單弓獸的體型較大，頜部強壯，且能張得比其他早期爬行動物還大，具有較大的犬齒，顯示它們是肉食性動物。
The Archaeothyris has large size and strong jaws. They can be enlarged larger than other early reptiles. It has large canines, indicating that they are carnivores.
普莫諾蠍 (Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis)︰
普莫諾蠍又稱為肺蠍，是一種巨型蝎子，是可怕的殺手，主要捕捉其他節肢動物作為食物。
Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis, also known as the lung scorpion, is a giant scorpion, a terrible killer that primarily captures other arthropods as food.
巨脈蜻蜓 (Meganeura monyi)︰
巨脈蜻蜓的外貌與現代蜻蜓接近，翅膀展開有75厘米，是地球上出現過的最大的昆蟲，以其他昆蟲為食。
The appearance of the Meganeura monyi is close to that of the modern dragonfly. The unfolded wings are 75 centimeters. It is the largest insect that has appeared on the earth and feeds on other insects.
節胸蜈蚣 (Arthropleura)︰
節胸蜈蚣是陸地上最大型的無脊椎動物，行走迅速，在陸地上只有少數的天敵，沒有強化的口器，以植物碎屑為食。
The Arthropleura is the largest invertebrate on land. It walks quickly. There are only a few natural enemies on the land. It has no fortified mouthparts and feeds on plant debris.
原水蠍螈︰
原水蠍螈生活在沼澤環境，是頂尖的掠食者，可以在陸地及水中覓食，它們用肺呼吸，可以走到更深的森林中。
冠鱷獸︰
冠鱷獸是雜食性獸孔目動物，體型與成年公牛一樣大，並擁有數個大型角狀物，可能是用來作為視覺展示物。
偉鱷獸︰
偉鱷獸是肉食性動物，以其他脊推動物為食，有銳利的門齒以及犬齒，相當適合咬獵物。
基龍︰
基龍具備蜥蝪或者鱷類的匍匐而行的四肢構造與爬行姿態，作為草食動物，他們會成群來抵抗肉食動物。
異齒龍︰
異齒龍是大型頂級掠食動物，有切割用的牙齒與銳利的犬齒，它的牙齒最後發展成現代哺乳類的不同功能牙齒。
杯鼻龍︰
杯鼻龍的體型巨大，但頭部小，身體呈大水桶狀，重達2噸，四肢粗壯，腳掌扁平，具有大型趾爪。
麗齒龍︰
麗齒龍是首次長有犬齒的動物，生活於沙漠與針葉林中，奔跑時速超過 10 千米，是當時陸地上最強大的掠食者之一。
始盜龍︰
始盜龍可能已知恐龍中最原始的一種，也是食草蜥腳類恐龍的祖先之一，可能是雜食恐龍。
始奔龍︰
始奔龍是一種小型兩足雜食動物，牙齒呈葉子形狀，脛骨比股骨長，行動迅速，是已知最早的鳥臀目恐龍之一。
南十字龍︰
南十字龍是已知最古老的恐龍之一，能將較小的獵物，沿著小而往後彎曲的牙齒，往喉嚨後方推動。
黑水龍︰
黑水龍是一種原蜥腳下目恐龍，重 75 千克，是已知最早的恐龍之一，板龍和它們有親緣關係。
埃雷拉龍︰
埃雷拉龍是速度相當快的兩足肉食性恐龍，是最古老的恐龍之一，它證明了恐龍來源於同一個祖先。
哥斯拉龍︰
哥斯拉龍是最早的一種主要的獸腳亞目恐龍，它們的體型相對較小，但可能是當時北美洲最大的掠食者。
板龍︰
板龍是一種原蜥腳下目恐龍，是最早的大型蜥腳類動物之一，牙齒適合吃植物，偶爾以小動物為食，依靠後腿行走。
小盾龍︰
小盾龍體型較小，用兩足行走，身上覆蓋著幾百塊骨質鱗甲用來防禦，是最早的裝甲恐龍之一，是劍龍和甲龍的視先。
虛形龍︰
虛形龍是已知最早的恐龍之一，皮膚上長著鱗片，長有銳利的鋸齒狀牙齒，居住在流域附近，單獨或成小群獵食。
怪嘴龍︰
怪嘴龍是最早的甲龍之一，骨盆上覆蓋著一層厚骨板，背上有短的骨刺，嘴巴前部有7顆牙齒，吃低矮的植物。
美扭椎龍︰
美扭椎龍有像鱷魚一樣的狹窄的頜，從不遠離水，它沿著海岸線，在淺湖和小島四周捕獵，覓食海洋生物。
雙脊龍︰
雙脊龍是一種體型較輕的獸腳亞目恐龍，雄性雙脊龍可能會上下點頭來炫耀冠飾、吸引異性或威嚇敵人。
斑龍︰
斑龍是一種大型的二足肉食動物，它們可以攻擊最大型的蜥腳類恐龍，有強壯的趾爪和鋒利的牙齒捕殺獵物。
冰脊龍︰
冰脊龍是首例在南極洲發現的肉食性恐龍，頭部有奇異冠狀物，重5000千克，是侏羅紀早期獸腳亞目中最重的恐龍。
細顎龍︰
細顎龍具有敏銳的目光，捕獵能力很強，可以跑得很快，並且能夠突然加速去捕捉跑的最快的小動物。
近蜥龍︰
近蜥龍是小型、最早的蜥腳類恐龍，體重只有32千克，只吃地面上的植物，走路很慢，奔跑速度不及肉食動物。
橡樹龍︰
橡樹龍是一種食草性恐龍，體格輕巧，與禽龍有親緣關係，唯一的防禦武器就是速度，可能是禽龍類直系袓先的近親。
釘狀龍︰
釘狀龍脖子和背上長著成對的骨板，臂部和尾巴上有成對的尖刺，受到威脅時會以後腿為支點轉圈，將尾巴甩向敵人。
角鼻龍︰
角鼻龍鼻子末端的角在成年後才長出來，只是角太小，只能用來嚇唬對手或敵人，更多用強壯的前臂將對手推到在地。
劍龍︰
劍龍是一種裝甲恐龍，背部有17塊高高的骨質板，尾巴上有4根尖刺，骨板用於炫耀、保持身體涼爽以及防衛。
異特龍︰
異特龍的頭骨很大，頜肌發達，能捕殺劍龍、鳥腳下目恐龍，甚至大型蜥腳下目恐龍，是一種龐大凶猛的肉食性恐龍。
圓頂龍︰
圓頂龍是一種大型植食恐龍，專門吃堅硬的、纖維狀的植物，用粗大的19厘米長的牙齒咀嚼樹葉，可能嗅覺敏銳。
尾羽龍︰
尾羽龍混合了爬行動物和鳥類的特徵，可以高速奔跑，雖然前肢和尾巴上有長長的羽毛，但依然不足以飛行。
帝龍︰
帝龍是一個小型帶羽毛的獵手，但它們不能飛，帝龍身上的羽毛是用來保暖的，它是霸王龍家族的早期成員。
鸚鵡嘴龍︰
鸚鵡嘴龍的嘴與鸚鵡相似，牙齒可以切碎植物，但無法咀嚼，尾巴上有長達16厘米的剛毛。
加斯頓龍︰
加斯頓龍的骨盆上方有一個骨盾，背上有大而尖的骨刺，尾巴上有一排小的朝向側面的骨刺，用盔甲擊退掠食者。
猶他盜龍︰
猶他盜龍是一體型巨大的馳龍，腳上有23厘米長的趾爪，行動很快，能抓住比它們體型小的任何動物。
烏爾禾龍︰
烏爾禾龍的尾巴末端有4根尖刺，脊骨上長著一排骨板，行動遲緩，體型龐大，無法奔跑，可能是最後一批劍龍之一。
重爪龍︰
重爪龍在海岸線附近生活，用細長的嘴巴將魚類等獵物從水中叼出來，有64顆鋒利的牙齒，能咬住身體滑溜的獵物。
阿馬加龍︰
阿馬加龍的背部有兩排平行的叫「神經棘」的棘刺，可能是用來吸引異性、警告掠食者或幫助身體保持涼爽。
棱齒龍︰
棱齒龍吃低矮的植物，喜歡嫩枝和根莖，用嘴剪斷嫩枝，再用葉子形狀的牙齒咀嚼，它們還可能是飛毛腿。
原角龍 (Protoceratops)︰
原角龍有一個發育良好的頭盾，頭盾上沒有角，有像鸚鵡一樣的喙，能切斷植物，剪刀似的牙齒能把食物切碎。
The Protoceratops has a well-developed head shield without horn, a parrot-like cockroach that can cut plants, and scissors-like teeth can chop the food.
似鵜鶘龍 (Pelecanimimus)︰
似鵜鶘龍最突出的特徵之一是頸部下方的皮膚皺褶，這是一個儲存食物的嚢，和鵜鶘的嚢相似。
One of the most prominent features of the Pelecanimimus is the skin folds beneath the neck, a sac that stores food, similar to the sac of pelecanidae.
恐爪龍 (Deinonychus)︰
恐爪龍體型不大，卻是可怕的掠食者，它們腳上第二根腳趾長著鋒利的、像鐮刀一樣的長達12厘米的爪子。
The Deinonychus are small, but they are horrible predators. The second toe on their feet has a sharp, 12-cm-long claw like a sickle.
龍王龍 (Dracorex)︰
龍王龍的頭上有尖刺和結節，平坦的顱骨顯示出可能長成圓頂狀的跡象，它不是一個獨立的種類，而是年幼的厚頭龍。
Dracorex has spikes and nodules on his head. The flat skull shows signs of a dome-shaped appearance. It is not an independent species,but a young Pachycephalosaurus.
翼龍 (Pteranodon)︰
翼龍是種會飛的爬行動物，它們不是恐龍，也許會有皮毛，但是不會有羽毛，能夠扇動它們的翅膀飛翔很長的距離。
The Pteranodons are flying reptiles. They are not dinosaurs. They may have fur, but they will not have features. They can fan their wings and fly for a long distance.
鯊齒龍 (Carcharodontosaurus)︰
鯊齒龍行動迅速、牙齒鋒利，以蜥腳類恐龍和其他大型植食動物為食。牙齒呈三角形，看起來像大白鯊的牙齒。
The Carcharodontosaurus moves quickly and has sharp teeth, feeding on sauropods and other large herbivores. The teeth are triangular and look like the teeth of a great white shark.
巨獸龍 (Giganotosaurs)︰
巨獸龍是身軀最龐大的獸腳亞目恐龍，頭骨約2米長，它和鯊齒龍、霸王龍在競爭 "有史以來最大的掠食恐龍" 的稱號。
The Giganotosaurus has the largest body in theropod dinosaurs. The skull is about 2 meters long. It competes with the carcharodontosaurus and the tyrannosaurus in the title of "the largest predatory dinosaur ever".
冥河龍 (Stygimoloch)︰
冥河龍體型和習性很像野山羊，頭部的圓頂可以抵受猛烈的衝撞，周圍的角刺則可用來相互碰撞，充當禦敵的武器。
The shape and habits of the Stygimoloch are similar to wild goats. The dome of the head can withstand violent collisions, and the surrounding horns can be used to collide with each other and serve as weapons for the enemy.
迅猛龍 (Velociraptor)︰
迅猛龍是一種體型小、行動迅捷的掠食者，腳上有致命的鐮刀形狀的趾爪，大腦較大，這說明它們是最聰明的恐龍之一。
The Velociraptor is a small, fast-moving predator with deadly sickle-shaped toe claws on its feet. They have large brains, which means they are one of the smartest dinosaurs.
甲龍 (Ankylosaurus)︰
甲龍的頭骨覆蓋著盔甲，它們的奔跑速度不及肉食恐龍，但是它們就像是一輛重型坦克，很難被撞倒。
The skulls of the Ankylosaurus are covered with armor. They run at less than carnivorous dinosaurs, but they are like a heavy tank and can hardly be knocked down.
食肉牛龍 (Carnotaurus)︰
食肉牛龍眼睛上方有兩隻短而粗的角，頭顱骨小而厚實，下頜脆弱，牙齒長而細，可能無法一口咬死獵物。
There are two short, thick horns above the eyes of the Carnotaurus. The skull is small and thick, the jaw is fragile, and the teeth are long and thin. It may not be able to kill the prey by one bite.
三角龍 (Triceratops)︰
三角龍是最後一批出現在地球上恐龍，用頭上巨大而鋒利的角抵禦掠食者的攻擊，眼睛上方的兩個角龍長到1米多。
The Triceratops is the last group of dinosaurs that appeared on Earth. They used a huge, sharp horn on their heads to resist the attack of predators. The two horns above the eyes can grow to more than a meter.
副櫛龍 (Parasaurolophus)︰
副櫛龍用頭上長而中空的冠飾，發出低頻聲音，在很遠的地方也能聽見，吼叫時空氣進入鼻孔，經過空心管進入喉嚨。
The Parasaurolophus uses a long, hallow crown on the head to emit low-frequency sounds, which can be heard from far away. When howling, the air enters the nostrils and goes to the throat by the hallow tube.
棘龍 (Spinosaurus)︰
棘龍背部有一個「帆」，能幫助身體降溫，棘龍長18米，重20多噸，可能是體型最大的肉食動物。
There is a "sail" on the back of the Spinosaurus, which can help to cool down the body. The spinosaurus is 18 meters long and weighs more than 20 tons. It may be the largest carnivorous animal.
霸王龍 (Tyrannosaurus)︰
霸王龍有著敏銳的視力、有力的頜和強壯的腿，是最著名的肉食恐龍，也是一種兇猛的掠食者。
With its keen eyesight, powerful jaws and strong legs. Tyrannosaurus is the most famous carnivorous dinosaur and a ferocious predator.
強齒袋鼠 (Ekaltadeta)︰
強齒袋鼠是一種牙齒特別強壯的食物袋鼠，它們性情兇暴，很可能是晚期肉食性袋鼠的共同祖先。
The Ekaltadeta is a carnivorous kangaroo with particularly strong teeth. They are violent and are likely to be the common ancestors of late carnivorous kangaroos.
南方古猿 (Australopithecus)︰
南方古猿已經直立行走，使用天然工具，生活方式可能為群體生活，共同尋找食物，共同防止其他猛禽野獸的攻擊。
Australopithecus have been able to walk upright and use natural tools. Lifestyle may be group life. Find food together, and jointly prevent attacking from other raptors.
鬣齒獸 (Hyaenodon)︰
鬣齒獸外形很像鬣狗，但力量要比現在的獅子強大得多，頭大腿長，嗅覺敏銳，奔跑迅捷，即使面對劍齒虎也能占得上風。
The shape of the Hyaenodon is like a hyena, but the strength is much stronger than the current lion, the head is long, the sense of smell is sharp. It runs fast, even if facing the Machairodus, it can get the upper hand.
劍齒虎 (Machairodus)︰
劍齒虎是遠古長有可怕的匕首狀上犬齒的最大的貓科動物，上犬齒最長可達120毫米，是當時最據優勢的大型食肉動物。
眾所周知，劍齒虎是金剛狼的哥哥。
薩摩麟 (Samotherium)︰
薩摩麟在眼的後部有對角，口齒與牛羊相似，適合吃草，生活在草原上，形態與神話中的麒麟神似，但和麒麟沒有關係。
薩摩麟長得很像傳說中的麒麟，備受古代帝王的追祟。
Samotherium has pairs of horns at the back of the eye. The mouth and teeth are similar to the cattle and sheep. It is suitable for grazing and lives on the grassland. The form is similar to the mythical Kirin, but it has nothing to do with Kirin.
Samo Lin looks like a mythical Kirin, and is highly sought after by ancient emperors.
猛瑪象 (Mammonteus primigenius)︰
猛瑪象是一種適應寒冷氣候的大型哺乳動物，體重達12噸，身披黑色的細密長毛，具有厚達9厘米的脂肪層。
導致猛瑪象滅絕的主要因素是氣候變化，而非人類所為。
Mammonteus primigenius is a large mammal that adapts to the cold climate and weighs up to 12 tons. It is covered with black fine hair and has a fat layer of 9cm thick.
The main factor leading to the extinction of mammonteus is climate change, not humans.
大地懶 (Megatherium)︰
大地懶是最大的地懶，手腳非常巨大，同時期的獵食霸王刃齒虎也要退避三舍，所以並沒有天敵。
一旦劍齒虎和大地懶博鬥，大地懶可能會輕而易舉將其撕碎。
The Megatherium is the biggest ground sloth, the hands and feet are very huge. At the same time, the hunting tyrants Smilodon is also retreated, so there are no natural enemies.
Once the Machairodus and the Megatherium get fight, the Megatherium may tear it up easily.
板齒犀 (Elasmotherium)︰
板齒犀是一種已滅絕的巨大犀牛，肩高3.5米，體長8米，體重8噸，是有史以來最大的有角犀牛，也是最大的犀科動物。
板齒犀幾乎沒有天敵，但它們仍然滅絕了，原因至今不明。
The Elasmotherium is a type of extinct giant rhinoceros with a shoulder height of 3.5 meters, a body length of 8 meters and a weight of 8 tons. It is the largest horned rhinoceros in history and the largest member of rhinocerotidae family.
能人 (Homo habilis)︰
能人是靈長目動物裡第一種被認為屬於人類的生物，門齒、犬齒較大，前臼齒比纖細型南方古猿窄，鎖骨與現代人相似，手骨和足骨比現代人粗狀，頭骨的骨壁薄，眉嵴不明顯，腦容量大約為680毫升。
能人可能是南方古猿的後代，是匠人的祖先，而匠人則是更後期的直立人的祖先。
Homo hablis are the first creatures in primates that are considered to belong to humans. The front teeth and canine teeth are larger, the premolar teeth are narrower than the slender southern ape, the clavicle is similar to modern people, and the hand bones and foot bones are thicker than modern.
Homo habilis may be the descendants of the southern ancient ape, the ancestors of the craftsmen, and the craftsmen are the ancestors of the later uprights.
資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料
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資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料
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生命簡史 古生物放置攻略 - 不同生物的概況
| 名稱 | 生存年代 | 分佈區域 | 界 / 綱 / 目 | 體長 |
| 古細菌 | ???至40億年前 | 原始海洋 | 古細菌界 | 0.1 - 15 um |
| 草履蟲 | 40億年前至35億年前 | 原始海洋 | 原生生物界 | 180 - 280 um |
| 夜光蟲 | 40億年前至35億年前 | 原始海洋 | 原生生物界 | 0.5 - 2 mm |
| 斯普里格蠕蟲 | 6.35億年前至5.41億年前 | 原始海洋 | 動物界 | 3-5 cm |
| 海口魚 | 5.25億年前至5.2億年前 | 中國 | 無頜總綱 | 25 mm |
| 滇氏蟲 | 5.25億年前至5.2億年前 | 中國 | 異蟲綱 | 6 cm |
| 擬油櫛蟲 | ???至5.05億年前 | 加拿大 | 三葉蟲綱 | 90 mm |
| 奇蝦 | ???至5.05億年前 | 加拿大 | 恐蝦綱 | 1 m |
| 阿蘭達甲魚 | 4.8億年前至4.7億年前 | 澳大利亞 | 鰭甲魚綱 | 15 cm |
| 巨型羽翅鱟 | 4.6億年前至4.45億年前 | 北美洲 | 肢口綱 | 1.2 m |
| 海神盔蝦 | ???至4.8億年前 | 摩洛哥王國 | 恐蝦綱 | 2.1 m |
| 直殼鸚鵡螺 | 4.7億年前至4.4億年前 | 歐洲 | 頭足綱 | 6 - 10 m |
| 全頜魚 | ???至4.19億年前 | 中國 | 肉鰭魚綱 | 20 cm |
| 麒麟魚 | ???至4.19億年前 | 中國 | 盾皮魚綱 | 30 cm |
| 鬼魚 | ???至4.19億年前 | 中國 | 肉鰭魚綱 | 33 cm |
| 廣翅鱟 | 4.32億年前至4.18億年前 | 歐洲、北美洲 | 肢口綱 | 2 - 3 m |
| 布龍度蝎子 | ???至4.19億年前 | ?? | 蛛形綱 | 2.5 - 3 m |
| 小肢魚 | ???至3.85億年前 | 蘇格蘭、愛沙尼亞 | 盾皮魚綱 | 8 cm |
| 母親魚 | ???至3.8億年前 | 澳大利亞 | 盾皮魚綱 | 28 cm |
| 東生魚 | ???至4.09億年前 | 中國 | 肉鰭魚綱 | ?? |
| 斑鱗魚 | 4億年前至3.9億年前 | 中國 | 肉鰭魚綱 | ?? |
| 鄧氏魚 | 3.722億年前至3.589億年前 | 美國 | 盾皮魚綱 | 8 m |
| 中突珠 | 3.4億年前至2.8億年前 | 澳大利亞 | 蛛形綱 | 0.3 m |
| 始祖單弓獸 | ???至3.06億年前 | 加拿大 | 合弓綱 | 0.5 m |
| 普莫諾蠍 | 3.4億年前至2.8億年前 | 蘇格蘭 | 蛛形綱 | 0.7 m |
| 巨脈蜻蜓 | 3.4億年前至2.8億年前 | 法國 | 昆蟲綱 | 0.75 m |
| 節胸蜈蚣 | 3.4億年前至2.8億年前 | 美國、蘇格蘭 | 倍足綱 | 0.3 - 2.3 m |
| 原水蠍螈 | 3.26億年前至3.18億年前 | ?? | 四足總綱 | 2.5 m |
| 冠鱷獸 | ???至2.67億年前 | 俄羅斯 | 獸孔目 | 2 m |
| 偉鱷獸 | ???至2.65億年前 | 南非 | 獸孔目 | 2.5 m |
| 基龍 | 2.95億年前至2.72億年前 | 美國 | 盤龍目 | 3 m |
| 異齒龍 | 2.95億年前至2.72億年前 | 美國 | 盤龍目 | 3.5 m |
| 杯鼻龍 | 2.95億年前至2.72億年前 | 美國 | 盤龍目 | 6 m |
| 麗齒龍 | ???至2.65億年前 | 南非 | 獸孔目 | 2.5 m |
| 始盜龍 | 2.34億年前至2.28億年前 | 阿根廷 | 蜥臀目 | 1 m |
| 始奔龍 | ???至2.1億年前 | 南非 | 鳥臀目 | 1 m |
| 南十字龍 | ???至2.25億年前 | 巴西 | 蜥臀目 | 2 m |
| 黑水龍 | 2.25億年前至2億年前 | 巴西 | 蜥臀目 | 2.5 m |
| 埃雷拉龍 | 2.35億年前至2.3億年前 | 阿根廷 | 蜥臀目 | 3 - 4 m |
| 哥斯拉龍 | ???至2.1億年前 | 美國 | 蜥臀目 | 5.5 m |
| 板龍 | 2.14億年前至2.04億年前 | 德國、格陵蘭、挪威 | 蜥臀目 | 5 - 10 m |
| 小盾龍 | 2.05億年前至2.02億年前 | 美國 | 鳥臀目 | 1.2 m |
| 虛形龍 | 2.05億年前至2.02億年前 | 美國 | 蜥臀目 | 2 - 3 m |
| 怪嘴龍 | 1.54億年前至1.42億年前 | 美國 | 鳥臀目 | 3 - 4 m |
| 美扭椎龍 | 1.65億年前至1.61億年前 | 英格蘭 | 蜥臀目 | 4 - 7 m |
| 雙脊龍 | 2.1億年前至1.89億年前 | 中國、美國 | 蜥臀目 | 6 - 7 m |
| 斑龍 | 1.76億年前至1.61億年前 | 英格蘭 | 蜥臀目 | 9 m |
| 冰脊龍 | 1.99億年前至1.91億年前 | 南極洲 | 蜥臀目 | 6.5 m |
| 細顎龍 | ???至1.5億年前 | 德國 | 蜥臀目 | 1 m |
| 近蜥龍 | 2億年前至1.9億年前 | 美國、南非、中國 | 蜥臀目 | 2 m |
| 橡樹龍 | 1.5億年前至1.45億年前 | 美國 | 恐龍總目 | 3 - 4 m |
| 釘狀龍 | 1.55億年前至1.4億年前 | 坦桑尼亞 | 鳥臀目 | 5 m |
| 角鼻龍 | 1.5億年前至1.44億年前 | 美國 | 蜥臀目 | 6 m |
| 劍龍 | 1.56億年前至1.44億年前 | 美國 | 鳥臀目 | 9 m |
| 異特龍 | 1.53億年前至1.35億年前 | 美國、葡萄牙 | 蜥臀目 | 8 - 12 m |
| 圓頂龍 | 1.5億年前至1.4億年前 | 美國 | 蜥臀目 | 15 - 23 m |
| 尾羽龍 | 1.25億年前至1.22億年前 | 中國 | 蜥臀目 | 1 m |
| 帝龍 | ???至1.25億年前 | 中國 | 蜥臀目 | 2 m |
| 鸚鵡嘴龍 | ???至1.2億年前 | 中國、蒙古、俄羅斯、泰國 | 鳥臀目 | 2 m |
| 加斯頓龍 | ???至1.25億年前 | 美國 | 鳥臀目 | 5 m |
| 猶他盜龍 | ???至1.26億年前 | 美國 | 蜥臀目 | 6 - 7 m |
| 烏爾禾龍 | 1.35億年前至1.2億年前 | 中國 | 鳥臀目 | 8 m |
| 重爪龍 | 1.3億年前至1.25億年前 | 英國 | 蜥臀目 | 9.5 m |
| 阿馬加龍 | 1.32億年前至1.27億年前 | 阿根廷 | 蜥臀目 | 10 m |
| 棱齒龍 | 1.25億年前至1.2億年前 | 英格蘭、西班牙 | 鳥臀目 | 1.8 - 2.2 m |
| 原角龍 | 8600萬年前至7100萬年前 | 中國、蒙古 | 鳥臀目 | 2 m |
| 似鵜鶘龍 | 1.33億年前至1.3億年前 | 西班牙 | 蜥臀目 | 2.5 m |
| 恐爪龍 | 1.5億年前至1.08億年前 | 美國 | 蜥臀目 | 2.5 - 3.5 m |
| 龍王龍 | ???至6600萬年前 | 美國 | 鳥臀目 | 4 m |
| 翼龍 | 7000萬年前至6500萬年前 | 美國 | 翼龍目 | 1.8 m |
| 鯊齒龍 | 1億年前至9300萬年前 | 北非 | 蜥臀目 | 13 m |
| 巨獸龍 | 1.2億年前至9000萬年前 | 阿根廷 | 蜥臀目 | 13 m |
| 冥河龍 | 6700萬年前至6500萬年前 | 美國 | 鳥臀目 | 3 m |
| 迅猛龍 | 7400萬年前至7100萬年前 | 中國、蒙古 | 蜥臀目 | 1.8 m |
| 甲龍 | 7000萬年前至6500萬年前 | 美國、加拿大 | 鳥臀目 | 8 m |
| 食肉牛龍 | 7200萬年前至6600萬年前 | 阿根廷 | 蜥臀目 | 8 m |
| 三角龍 | 6800萬年前至6500萬年前 | 美國、加拿大 | 鳥臀目 | 9 m |
| 副櫛龍 | 7600萬年前至7400萬年前 | 美國、加拿大 | 鳥臀目 | 11 m |
| 棘龍 | 1.12億年前至9700萬年前 | 埃及 | 蜥臀目 | 12 - 18 m |
| 霸王龍 | 6700萬年前至6500萬年前 | 美國、加拿大 | 蜥臀目 | 12.8 m |
| 強齒袋鼠 | 2300萬年前至533萬年前 | 澳大利亞 | 有袋目 | 1.5 m |
| 南方古猿 |
| 界 / 綱 / 目 | 名稱 |
| 古細菌界 | 古細菌 |
| 原生生物界 | 草履蟲 |
| 原生生物界 | 夜光蟲 |
| 動物界 | 斯普里格蠕蟲 |
| 無頜總綱 | 海口魚 |
| 異蟲綱 | 滇氏蟲 |
| 三葉蟲綱 | 擬油櫛蟲 |
| 恐蝦綱 | 海神盔蝦 |
| 恐蝦綱 | 奇蝦 |
| 鰭甲魚綱 | 阿蘭達甲魚 |
| 肢口綱 | 巨型羽翅鱟 |
| 肢口綱 | 廣翅鱟 |
| 頭足綱 | 直殼鸚鵡螺 |
| 蛛形綱 | 布龍度蝎子 |
| 蛛形綱 | 中突珠 |
| 蛛形綱 | 普莫諾蠍 |
| 盾皮魚綱 | 麒麟魚 |
| 盾皮魚綱 | 小肢魚 |
| 盾皮魚綱 | 母親魚 |
| 盾皮魚綱 | 鄧氏魚 |
| 肉鰭魚綱 | 全頜魚 |
| 肉鰭魚綱 | 鬼魚 |
| 肉鰭魚綱 | 東生魚 |
| 肉鰭魚綱 | 斑鱗魚 |
| 合弓綱 | 始祖單弓獸 |
| 昆蟲綱 | 巨脈蜻蜓 |
| 倍足綱 | 節胸蜈蚣 |
| 四足總綱 | 原水蠍螈 |
| 獸孔目 | 冠鱷獸 |
| 獸孔目 | 偉鱷獸 |
| 獸孔目 | 麗齒龍 |
| 盤龍目 | 基龍 |
| 盤龍目 | 異齒龍 |
| 盤龍目 | 杯鼻龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 始盜龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 南十字龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 黑水龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 埃雷拉龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 哥斯拉龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 板龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 虛形龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 美扭椎龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 雙脊龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 斑龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 冰脊龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 細顎龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 近蜥龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 角鼻龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 異特龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 圓頂龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 尾羽龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 帝龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 猶他盜龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 重爪龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 阿馬加龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 似鵜鶘龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 恐爪龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 鯊齒龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 巨獸龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 迅猛龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 食肉牛龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 棘龍 |
| 蜥臀目 | 霸王龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 始奔龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 小盾龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 怪嘴龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 釘狀龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 劍龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 鸚鵡嘴龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 加斯頓龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 烏爾禾龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 棱齒龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 原角龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 龍王龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 冥河龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 甲龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 三角龍 |
| 鳥臀目 | 副櫛龍 |
| 恐龍總目 | 橡樹龍 |
| 翼龍目 | 翼龍 |
| 有袋目 | 強齒袋鼠 |
資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料
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生命簡史 古生物放置攻略 - 各個時期的大事件
前寒武紀 (Precambrian)
從地球誕生的近40億年間，大量細菌、藍藻等原核生物出現，這段時間真核生物一直沒有出現，所以被稱為隱生宙。
Nearly 4 billion years after the birth of the Earth, a large number of prokaryotes such as bacteria and cyanobacteria appeared.
During this time, eukaryotes have not appeared, so they are called Cryptozoic.
(1). 埃迪卡拉紀︰又稱震旦紀，一般指6.35 - 5.41億年前，最古老的動物遺跡可追溯至十億年前，但最早的動物化石出現於埃迪卡拉紀。
Ediacaran : also known as Sinian, generally refers to 635 - 541 million years ago. The oldest animal remains can be traced back to one billion years ago, but the earliest animal fossils appeared in Ediacaran.
(2). 原核生物︰經過近四十億年的進化，一直生存在隱生宙中的原核生，才在5.7億年前顯生宙的寒武紀時期進化成真核生物，這就是地球生物進化的歷史。
Prokaryote : After nearly four billion years of evolution the prokaryotes that have been living in the Cryptozoic have only evolved into eukaryotes in the Phanerozoic Cambrian period 570 million years ago, which is the history of the evolution of the earth's.
(3). 代表生物︰古細菌 - 常生活於熱泉水、缺氧湖底、鹽水湖等極端環境中。古核細胞遺傳的信息量較小，是世界上最早的生物。
Representative organism : Archaea - often live in extreme environments such as hot spring water, anoxic lake bottom, and lagoon. Paleokaryocyte has less genetic information and is the earliest organism in the world.
寒武紀 (Cambrian)
寒武紀是顯生宙的開始，距今約5.42億年前 - 4.85億年前。 寒武紀是現代生物的開始階段，是地球上現代生命開始出現、發展的時期。
The Cambrian is the beginning of the Phanerozoic, about 542 million years ago - 485 million years ago. The Cambrian is the beginning stage of modern living creature and it is the period when modern life on earth begins to appear and develop.
(1). 超大陸與洪水︰在寒武紀，具有硬殼的動物第一次大量地出現，許多大陸都被淺海所氾濫，超大陸岡瓦那在泛非褶皺帶上組合而成當時最大的大陸。
Supercontinent and flood : During the Cambrian period, hard-shelled animals first appeared in large numbers, and many continents were flooded by shallow seas.
Supercontinent Gondwana formed the largest continent in the Pan-African fold belt at that time.
(2). 生命大爆發︰6億年前，絕大多數無脊椎動物們在很短時間內出現了，帶殼、具骨骼的海洋無脊椎動物趨向繁榮
Cambrian explosion : 600 million years ago, the vast majority of invertebrates appeared in a very short period of time, with shelled, skeletal marine invertebrates tending to prosper.
(3). 代表生物︰三葉蟲 - 寒武紀時期最繁盛的是節肢動物三葉蟲，故寒武紀又稱「三葉蟲時代」。三葉蟲沒有遇到有力的競爭對手，成為寒武紀海洋王國中的統治者。
Representative organism : Trilobite - The most prosperous in the Cambrian period was the arthropod trilobite, so the Cambrian is also known as the "trilobite era". Trilobites did not encounter strong competitors and became the rulers of the Cambrian marine kingdom.
奧陶紀 (Ordovician)
奧陶紀是距今4.85億年~4.43億年前的一段時期，是歷史上海侵最廣泛的時期之一，奧陶紀末期曾發生過一次規模較大的冰期。
Ordovician is a period from 485 million to 443 million years ago. It was one of the most extensive transgressions in history. There was a large-scale glacial period in the end of Ordovician.
(1). 第一次生物滅絕︰奧陶紀晚期，一束來自6000光年以外的伽馬射線擊中了地球，致命的射線、飢荒、毒氣以及冰期構成了第一次物種大滅絕 -- 伽馬射線暴擊中的地球事件，造成了地球上的60%的物種減絕。
The first extinction : In the late Ordovician, a beam of gamma rays from 6,000 light-years away struck the Earth. The deadly rays, famine, poison gas and glacial period constituted the first mass extinction of species -- The event of gamma rays hitting the earth resulted in the extinction of 60% of the species on the earth.
(2). 海浸時代︰奧陶紀是地史上大陸地區遭受應泛海浸的時代，是火山活動和地殼運動比較劇烈的時代，也是氣候分異、冰川發育的時代。
Transgression era : Ordovician is an era in which continental areas suffered extensive transgression, volcanic activity and crustal movement were more intense, and climate differentiation and glacier development were also in progress.
(3). 代表生物︰無頜魚類 - 最早的魚類是無頜類。它們沒有上下頜，嘴很寛，頭邊緣長著奇怪的骨板。
Representative organism : Agnatha - The earliest fish was the jawless. They have no upper and lower jaws and their mouths are wide. There are strange bone plates on the edge of the head.
志留紀 (Silurian)
志留紀是距今4.4億年~4.1億年前的一段時期，早志留紀到處形成海浸，中志留紀海侵達到頂峰，晚志留紀各地有不同程度的海退和陸地上升，表現了一個巨大的海侵旋回。
Silurian is a period from 440 million to 410 million years ago. Transgression occurred everywhere in Early Silurian, reached its peak in Middle Silurian, and retreated and uplifted land in different degrees in Late Silurian, showing a huge transgression cycle.
(1). 筆石時代︰志留紀被稱為筆石的時代，它們是志留紀海洋漂浮生態域中最引人注目的一類生物。筆石分佈廣，演化快，同一物種可以在世界上許多洲發現。
Graptolite Era : Silurian is known as the age of graptolites, which are the most striking types of creatures in the Silurian marine floating ecosystem. Graptolites are widely distributed and evolve rapidly, and the same species can be found in many continents of the world.
(2). 植物登陸︰由於劇烈的造山運動，海洋面積減小，大陸面積擴大，作為陸生高等植物的先驅，低等維管束植物開始出現並逐漸佔領陸地。
Plant landing : Due to the violent orogenic movement, the ocean area has decreased and the continent has expanded. As a pioneer of terrestrial higher plants, low vascular plants began to appear and gradually occupied the land.
(3). 代表生物︰有頜魚類 - 脊椎動物中，有頜的盾皮魚類和棘魚類出現是脊椎動物演化史上的重大事件，魚類開始征服水域，為泥盆紀魚類大發展創造了條件。
Representative organism : Jaw fish - Among vertebrates, the emergence of jawed shield fish and spiny fish is an important event in the evolution history of vertebrates. Fish began to conquer the waters, which created conditions for the development of Devonian fishes.
泥盆紀 (Devonian)
泥盆紀是距今4.1億年~3.5億年前的一段時期，泥盆紀晚期，兩棲動物出現。
Devonian is a period from 410 million to 350 million years ago. Amphibians appeared in the late Devonian.
(1). 第二次生物滅絕︰泥盆紀晚期，300多億立方千米的岩漿、極端氣候、數百萬年的長夜、大量有毒氣體、缺氧的海水及冰期，構成了超級地幔柱滅絕事件，海洋生物遭到重創，82%的海洋物種滅絕。
The second extinction : In the late Devonian period, more than 30 billion cubic kilometers of magma, extreme climate, millions of years of long nights, a large number of toxic gases, anoxic sea water and glacial period constituted the super-mantle plume extinction event. Marine life was seriously damaged and 82% of marine species were extinct.
(2). 魚類時代︰脊椎動物進入飛躍發展時期，各種魚類空前繁盛，有頜類、甲冑魚數量和種類增多，現代魚類 -- 硬骨魚開始發展。 因此泥盆紀常被稱為「魚類時代」。
Fish Era : Vertebrates have entered a period of rapid development, and all kinds of fishes are flourishing unprecedentedly. The number and species of jawfishs and ostracoderms have increased. Modern fishes -- bony fish, have begun to develop.
Therefore, the Devonian is often referred to as the "Fish Era".
(3). 代表生物︰鄧氏魚 - 鄧氏魚的咬合力能夠達到5000千克，被稱為是霸王龍出現前史前咬合力最巨大的史前生物、巨齒鯊先前咬合力最大的史前魚類。
Representative organism : Vertebrate - The bite force of Dunkleosteus can reach 5,000 kilograms. It was the prehistoric creature with the greatest bite force before Tyrannosaurus Rex appeared and the prehistoric fish with the greatest bite force before the emergence of Megalodon.
石炭紀 (Carboniferous)
石炭紀是距今3.55億年~2.95億年前的一段時期，石炭紀陸生生物空前發展，當時氣候溫暖、濕潤，出現了大規模的森林，給煤的形成創造了有利條件。
Carboniferous is a period from 355 million to 295 million years ago. Carboniferous terrestrial organisms developed unprecedentedly. At that time, the climate was warm and humid, and large-scale forests appeared, which created favorable conditions for the formation of coal.
(1). 燃煤事件︰石炭紀晚期，植物的枯枝形成了一層厚達30米的煤炭，地幔岩漿活動劇烈，產生高溫，煤炭在高溫下燃燒，有毒的氣體、高溫構成了造成46%的物種大滅絕 -- 石炭紀燃煤事件。
Coal burning event : In the late Carboniferous, the withered branches of plants formed a layer of coal up to 30 meters thick. Magmatic activity in the mantle was intense, producing high temperatures, coal burning at high temperatures. Toxic gases and high temperatures constitute the Carboniferous coal-burning event that caused the extinction of 46% species.
(2). 巨蟲時代︰石炭紀大氣含氧量達到35%，非常適合節肢動物繁衍生息，因而孕育了一批巨蟲。如人頭般大小的巨型蜘蛛，約3米長的巨型蜈蚣，翼展近1米的巨型蜻蜓等。
Giant Era: Carboniferous atmospheric oxygen content reached 35%, very suitable for the reproduction of arthropods, thus breeding a large number of giant insects. Giant spiders the size of human heads, giant centipedes about 3 meters long, giant dragnflies with wingspan of nearly 1 meter, etc.
(3). 代表生物︰普莫諾蠍 - 石炭紀時期生活在陸地上的肺蠍，全長可達70厘米，肺蠍是可怕的殺手，主要捕捉其他節肢動物作為食物。
Representative organism: Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis - Lung scorpions lived on land during Carboniferous Period, up to 70 centimeters in length. Lung scorpions were terrible killers, mainly catching other arthropods as food.
二疊紀 (Permian)
二疊紀是距今2.99億年~2.5億年前的一段時期，陸地面積的擴大，海洋範圍的縮小，自然地理環境的變化，預示著生物發展史上一個新時期的到來。
The Permian period was a period from 299 million ago to 250 million years ago. The expansion of land area, the shrinking of the ocean range, and the changes in the natural geographical environment indicate the arrival of a new period in the history of biological development.
(1). 第三次生物滅絕︰二疊紀晚期，20000立千米的碎啱、有毒氣體、70度的高溫、數萬年的酸雨，40萬年的長夜等構成了西伯利亞暗色岩滅絕事件，是地球有史以來最嚴重的災難，它滅絕了98%的生物。
The third extinction : In the late Permian period, 20,000 cubic kilometers of broken rocks, toxic gases, 70 degrees of high temperature, tens of thousands of years of acid rain and 400,000 years of long nights resulted in extinction of Siberian dark rock, the most serious disaster in the history of the earth, it extinct 98% of the creatures.
(2). 盤古大陸︰2.5億年前，地球上的大陸互相毗鄰，合併形成了名為「盤古大陸」的超大陸，盤古大陸最後分裂成了南方的岡瓦那大陸和北方的勞亞大陸。
Pangea : 250 million years ago, the continents on the earth were adjacent to each other and merged to form a supercontinent named 'Pangea', pangea eventually split into the southern Gondwana continent and the northern Laura continent.
(3). 代表生物︰裸蕨植物 - 二疊紀早期的植物以真蕨為主，晚期代之以較耐旱的裸子植物。
Representative organism : Pteridophyta - In the early Permian period, most plants were filicophytina, then they were replaced by the more drought-tolerant gymnosperms in the late period.
三疊紀 (Triassic)
三疊紀是距今2.5億年~2億年前的一段時期，它位於二疊紀和侏羅紀之間，三疊紀的開始和結束各以一次滅絕事件為標誌。
Triassic is a period from 250 million to 200 million years ago. It lies between Permian and Jurassic. The beginning and end of Triassic are both marked by one extinction event.
(1). 第四次生物滅絕︰三疊紀晚期，滾燙的蒸汽、1800立方千米岩漿、有毒氣體、極端氣候、數萬年的酸雨等構成了中大西洋岩漿區滅絕事件，造成 70% 的物種滅絕，還造成盤古大陸分裂。
The fourth extinction : Late Triassic, hot steam, 1800 cubic kilometers of magma, toxic gases, extreme weather, tens of thousands of years of acid rain constitute the extinction of the Mid-Atlantic magma region, causing 70% of species to extinction, and also caused the Pangea to split.
(2). 大陸分裂︰三疊紀間共有一塊大陸，被稱為泛古陸，即岡瓦納古陸。 到三疊紀中期，泛古陸開始出現分裂的前兆，在北美洲、歐洲中部和西部、非洲的西北部均出現了裂痕。
Continent division : There was only one continent during the Triassic period, which was called Pangea and the Gondwana. In the middle of the Triassic, Pangea was beginning to show signs of division, and cracks appeared in North America, Central and Western Europe, and northwest Africa.
(3). 代表生物︰裸子植物 - 裸子植物自三疊紀起迅速發展起來，到了中三疊紀植物才開始逐漸繁盛，晚三疊紀時，裸子植物真正成了大陸植物的主要統治者。
Representative organism :Gymnospermae - The gymnosperms developed rapidly since the Triassic, and plants began to flourish in the middle Triassic. In the Late Triassic, gymnosperms became the main rulers of mainland plants.
侏羅紀 (Jurassic)
侏羅紀是距今1.99億年~1.45億年前的一段時期，侏羅紀是中生代的第二個紀，開始於三疊紀-侏羅紀滅絕事件。
The Jurassic period was a period from 1.9 billion to 145 million years ago. The Jurassic period was the second period of the Mesozoic era and began in the Triassic-Jurassic extinction.
(1). 空中生物︰具有皮質翅膀的翼龍是空中的優勢生物，早期的鳥類也出現，最著名的就是始祖鳥，空中生物與地面生物也會產生演化。
Aerial organisms : The pterosaurs with cortical wings were the dominant creatures in the air. Early birds also appeared. The most famous is the archaeopteryx. The aerial creatures and terrestrial creatures also evolved.
(2). 恐龍時代︰侏羅紀是恐龍的鼎盛時期，恐龍已迅速成為地球的統治者，各類恐龍濟濟一堂，構成一幅千姿百態的龍的世界。
Era of dinosaurs : The Jurassic period was the heyday of dinosaurs. The dinosaurs quickly became the rulers of the earth. All kinds of dinosaurs came together to form a world of various dinosaurs.
(3). 代表生物︰雙脊龍 - 生活於早侏羅紀，曾多次出現在大眾文化中，最著名的是在電影<<侏羅記公園>>中被描述為會噴毒液的恐龍，但沒有證據可以顯示雙脊龍有這種行為。
Representative organism : Dilophosaurus - lived in the early Jurassic and has appeared in popular culture many times. The most famous one is described as the dinosaur that sprays venom in the movie "Jurassic Park", but there is no evidence to show that they used to behave like this.
白堊紀 (Cretaceous)
白堊紀是距今1.45億年~6600萬年前的一段時期，大陸被海洋分開，地球變得溫暖、乾旱。 恐龍仍然統治著陸地，翼龍在天空中滑翔，巨大的海生爬行動物統治著淺海。
The Cretaceous Period was a period from 145 million ago to 66 million years ago, when the continents were separated by the oceans and earth became warm and dry. Dinosaurs still dominate landing sites, pterosaurs glide in the sky, and giant marine reptiles dominate shallow seas.
(1). 第五次生物滅絕︰白堊紀晚期，一顆巨大的隕石撞擊地球，2.1 萬立方公里的物質進入了大氣中，地球表面溫度迅速降低，植物枯萎死亡，造成了大量生物滅絕，長達1.6億年之久的恐龍時代終結。
The fifth extinction : In the late Cretaceous, a huge meteorite hit the earth, 21,000 cubic kilometers of material entered the atmosphere. The surface temperature of the earth rapidly decreased, the plants withered and died, causing a large number of extinctions, which ended the 160 million-year-long dinosaur era.
(2). 板塊運動︰板塊運動出現了大量的海底山脈，進而造成全球性的海平面上升。南美洲與非洲大陸之間的裂谷張開形成南大西洋，北大西洋裂谷位於格陸蘭和北美東側。
Plate movement : Plate movement has resulted in a large number of submarine mountains, which in turn caused global sea level rise. The rift between South America and the African continent expanded to form the South Atlantic, and the North Atlantic rift lies in Greenland and the east of North America.
(3). 代表生物︰迅猛龍 - 生活在晚白惡紀時期，在電影<侏羅紀公園>中，迅猛龍覆蓋著鱗片，但之後研究發現大部分的手盜龍類身體應該覆蓋著羽毛。
Representative Organism : Velociraptor - lived in the Late Cretaceous period. In the movie Jurassic Park, they are covered with scales. But later studies found that most of the body of the Maniraptora should be covered with feathers.
第三紀-古近紀 Tertiary - Paleogene
古近紀是距今6600萬年~2300萬年前的一段時期，古近紀是哺乳動物迅速發展的時期。
Paleogene is a period from 66 million to 23 million years ago. The Paleogene is a period of rapid development of mammals.
(1). 極熱事件︰極熱事件是地球最快的、強度最大的一次全球變暖事件，導致了大量物種急劇滅絕。
Extreme heat event : Extremely hot event is the fastest and most intense global warming event on earth, resulting in the rapid extinction of a large number of species.
(2). 哺乳動物︰古近紀動物界的基本特點是哺乳動物的迅速輻射演化。 除了適應陸地生活的多種方式外，還出現了天空飛翔的蝙蝠類和重新適應海中生活的鯨類。
Mammal : The basic feature of the Paleogene animal world is the rapid radiation evolution of mammals. In addition to the various ways of adapting to land life, there was also bats flying in the sky and whales re-adapting to life in the sea.
(3). 代表生物︰鬣齒獸 - 外形很像鬣狗，但力量要比現今的獅子強大得多，它的雙頜具有每平方英尺1000牛的驚人咬力，牙齒和頜骨的結構類似一把大剪刀，可以迅速致獵物於死地。
Representative organism : Hyaenodon - looks like hyena, but are much stronger than the lions. Their jaws have an astonishing bite of 1,000 cows per square foot. The teeth and jaws are similar in structure to a large pair of scissors, which can kill its prey quickly.
第三紀-新近紀 Tertiary - Neogene
新近紀是距今2300萬年~260萬年前的一段時期，新近紀生物界的面貌與現代更為接近，發生過大規模冰川活動，是哺乳動物和被子植物高度發展的時代，人類在這個時代出現。
Neogene is a period from 23 million to 2.6 million years ago. The Neogene biosphere is closer to modern times. Large-scale glacial activities occurred. It is an era of high development of mammals and angiosperms. Human beings appeared in this era.
(1). 喜馬拉雅山︰在地殼運動方面，到了上新世，許多古近紀時形成的新山系繼續隆起，山勢基本與現代相近，如歐洲的阿爾卑斯山、亞洲的喜馬拉雅山、南美的安底斯山等等。
Himalayas : In terms of crustal movement, during the Pilocene, many of the Neogenes formed during the Paleogene continued to rise and the mountains were basically similar to modern times, such as the European Alps, the Asian Himalayas, and the South American Andes.
(2). 類人動物︰不論是海生動物還是陸地動物，上新世的動物已經相當現代化了，陸地動物還有些原始，最早的類人的動物在上新世末出現。
Humanoid : Whether it is marine or terrestrial animals, the Pilocene animals had been quite modern, terrestrial animals were still primitive, and the earliest humanoid animals appeared at the end of the Pilocene.
(3). 代表生物︰劍齒虎 - 是遠古長有可怕的匕首狀上犬齒的最大貓科動物，上犬齒最長可達120毫米，是當時最具優勢的大型食肉動物。
Representative organism : Machairodus - is the largest Felidae with terrible dagger-like upper canine teeth in ancient times. The upper canine teeth can reach up to 120 mm in length. It was the most dominant large carnivore at that time.
資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料
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從地球誕生的近40億年間，大量細菌、藍藻等原核生物出現，這段時間真核生物一直沒有出現，所以被稱為隱生宙。
Nearly 4 billion years after the birth of the Earth, a large number of prokaryotes such as bacteria and cyanobacteria appeared.
During this time, eukaryotes have not appeared, so they are called Cryptozoic.
(1). 埃迪卡拉紀︰又稱震旦紀，一般指6.35 - 5.41億年前，最古老的動物遺跡可追溯至十億年前，但最早的動物化石出現於埃迪卡拉紀。
Ediacaran : also known as Sinian, generally refers to 635 - 541 million years ago. The oldest animal remains can be traced back to one billion years ago, but the earliest animal fossils appeared in Ediacaran.
(2). 原核生物︰經過近四十億年的進化，一直生存在隱生宙中的原核生，才在5.7億年前顯生宙的寒武紀時期進化成真核生物，這就是地球生物進化的歷史。
Prokaryote : After nearly four billion years of evolution the prokaryotes that have been living in the Cryptozoic have only evolved into eukaryotes in the Phanerozoic Cambrian period 570 million years ago, which is the history of the evolution of the earth's.
(3). 代表生物︰古細菌 - 常生活於熱泉水、缺氧湖底、鹽水湖等極端環境中。古核細胞遺傳的信息量較小，是世界上最早的生物。
Representative organism : Archaea - often live in extreme environments such as hot spring water, anoxic lake bottom, and lagoon. Paleokaryocyte has less genetic information and is the earliest organism in the world.
寒武紀 (Cambrian)
寒武紀是顯生宙的開始，距今約5.42億年前 - 4.85億年前。 寒武紀是現代生物的開始階段，是地球上現代生命開始出現、發展的時期。
The Cambrian is the beginning of the Phanerozoic, about 542 million years ago - 485 million years ago. The Cambrian is the beginning stage of modern living creature and it is the period when modern life on earth begins to appear and develop.
(1). 超大陸與洪水︰在寒武紀，具有硬殼的動物第一次大量地出現，許多大陸都被淺海所氾濫，超大陸岡瓦那在泛非褶皺帶上組合而成當時最大的大陸。
Supercontinent and flood : During the Cambrian period, hard-shelled animals first appeared in large numbers, and many continents were flooded by shallow seas.
Supercontinent Gondwana formed the largest continent in the Pan-African fold belt at that time.
(2). 生命大爆發︰6億年前，絕大多數無脊椎動物們在很短時間內出現了，帶殼、具骨骼的海洋無脊椎動物趨向繁榮
Cambrian explosion : 600 million years ago, the vast majority of invertebrates appeared in a very short period of time, with shelled, skeletal marine invertebrates tending to prosper.
(3). 代表生物︰三葉蟲 - 寒武紀時期最繁盛的是節肢動物三葉蟲，故寒武紀又稱「三葉蟲時代」。三葉蟲沒有遇到有力的競爭對手，成為寒武紀海洋王國中的統治者。
Representative organism : Trilobite - The most prosperous in the Cambrian period was the arthropod trilobite, so the Cambrian is also known as the "trilobite era". Trilobites did not encounter strong competitors and became the rulers of the Cambrian marine kingdom.
奧陶紀 (Ordovician)
奧陶紀是距今4.85億年~4.43億年前的一段時期，是歷史上海侵最廣泛的時期之一，奧陶紀末期曾發生過一次規模較大的冰期。
Ordovician is a period from 485 million to 443 million years ago. It was one of the most extensive transgressions in history. There was a large-scale glacial period in the end of Ordovician.
(1). 第一次生物滅絕︰奧陶紀晚期，一束來自6000光年以外的伽馬射線擊中了地球，致命的射線、飢荒、毒氣以及冰期構成了第一次物種大滅絕 -- 伽馬射線暴擊中的地球事件，造成了地球上的60%的物種減絕。
The first extinction : In the late Ordovician, a beam of gamma rays from 6,000 light-years away struck the Earth. The deadly rays, famine, poison gas and glacial period constituted the first mass extinction of species -- The event of gamma rays hitting the earth resulted in the extinction of 60% of the species on the earth.
(2). 海浸時代︰奧陶紀是地史上大陸地區遭受應泛海浸的時代，是火山活動和地殼運動比較劇烈的時代，也是氣候分異、冰川發育的時代。
Transgression era : Ordovician is an era in which continental areas suffered extensive transgression, volcanic activity and crustal movement were more intense, and climate differentiation and glacier development were also in progress.
(3). 代表生物︰無頜魚類 - 最早的魚類是無頜類。它們沒有上下頜，嘴很寛，頭邊緣長著奇怪的骨板。
Representative organism : Agnatha - The earliest fish was the jawless. They have no upper and lower jaws and their mouths are wide. There are strange bone plates on the edge of the head.
志留紀 (Silurian)
志留紀是距今4.4億年~4.1億年前的一段時期，早志留紀到處形成海浸，中志留紀海侵達到頂峰，晚志留紀各地有不同程度的海退和陸地上升，表現了一個巨大的海侵旋回。
Silurian is a period from 440 million to 410 million years ago. Transgression occurred everywhere in Early Silurian, reached its peak in Middle Silurian, and retreated and uplifted land in different degrees in Late Silurian, showing a huge transgression cycle.
(1). 筆石時代︰志留紀被稱為筆石的時代，它們是志留紀海洋漂浮生態域中最引人注目的一類生物。筆石分佈廣，演化快，同一物種可以在世界上許多洲發現。
Graptolite Era : Silurian is known as the age of graptolites, which are the most striking types of creatures in the Silurian marine floating ecosystem. Graptolites are widely distributed and evolve rapidly, and the same species can be found in many continents of the world.
(2). 植物登陸︰由於劇烈的造山運動，海洋面積減小，大陸面積擴大，作為陸生高等植物的先驅，低等維管束植物開始出現並逐漸佔領陸地。
Plant landing : Due to the violent orogenic movement, the ocean area has decreased and the continent has expanded. As a pioneer of terrestrial higher plants, low vascular plants began to appear and gradually occupied the land.
(3). 代表生物︰有頜魚類 - 脊椎動物中，有頜的盾皮魚類和棘魚類出現是脊椎動物演化史上的重大事件，魚類開始征服水域，為泥盆紀魚類大發展創造了條件。
Representative organism : Jaw fish - Among vertebrates, the emergence of jawed shield fish and spiny fish is an important event in the evolution history of vertebrates. Fish began to conquer the waters, which created conditions for the development of Devonian fishes.
泥盆紀 (Devonian)
泥盆紀是距今4.1億年~3.5億年前的一段時期，泥盆紀晚期，兩棲動物出現。
Devonian is a period from 410 million to 350 million years ago. Amphibians appeared in the late Devonian.
(1). 第二次生物滅絕︰泥盆紀晚期，300多億立方千米的岩漿、極端氣候、數百萬年的長夜、大量有毒氣體、缺氧的海水及冰期，構成了超級地幔柱滅絕事件，海洋生物遭到重創，82%的海洋物種滅絕。
The second extinction : In the late Devonian period, more than 30 billion cubic kilometers of magma, extreme climate, millions of years of long nights, a large number of toxic gases, anoxic sea water and glacial period constituted the super-mantle plume extinction event. Marine life was seriously damaged and 82% of marine species were extinct.
(2). 魚類時代︰脊椎動物進入飛躍發展時期，各種魚類空前繁盛，有頜類、甲冑魚數量和種類增多，現代魚類 -- 硬骨魚開始發展。 因此泥盆紀常被稱為「魚類時代」。
Fish Era : Vertebrates have entered a period of rapid development, and all kinds of fishes are flourishing unprecedentedly. The number and species of jawfishs and ostracoderms have increased. Modern fishes -- bony fish, have begun to develop.
Therefore, the Devonian is often referred to as the "Fish Era".
(3). 代表生物︰鄧氏魚 - 鄧氏魚的咬合力能夠達到5000千克，被稱為是霸王龍出現前史前咬合力最巨大的史前生物、巨齒鯊先前咬合力最大的史前魚類。
Representative organism : Vertebrate - The bite force of Dunkleosteus can reach 5,000 kilograms. It was the prehistoric creature with the greatest bite force before Tyrannosaurus Rex appeared and the prehistoric fish with the greatest bite force before the emergence of Megalodon.
石炭紀 (Carboniferous)
石炭紀是距今3.55億年~2.95億年前的一段時期，石炭紀陸生生物空前發展，當時氣候溫暖、濕潤，出現了大規模的森林，給煤的形成創造了有利條件。
Carboniferous is a period from 355 million to 295 million years ago. Carboniferous terrestrial organisms developed unprecedentedly. At that time, the climate was warm and humid, and large-scale forests appeared, which created favorable conditions for the formation of coal.
(1). 燃煤事件︰石炭紀晚期，植物的枯枝形成了一層厚達30米的煤炭，地幔岩漿活動劇烈，產生高溫，煤炭在高溫下燃燒，有毒的氣體、高溫構成了造成46%的物種大滅絕 -- 石炭紀燃煤事件。
Coal burning event : In the late Carboniferous, the withered branches of plants formed a layer of coal up to 30 meters thick. Magmatic activity in the mantle was intense, producing high temperatures, coal burning at high temperatures. Toxic gases and high temperatures constitute the Carboniferous coal-burning event that caused the extinction of 46% species.
(2). 巨蟲時代︰石炭紀大氣含氧量達到35%，非常適合節肢動物繁衍生息，因而孕育了一批巨蟲。如人頭般大小的巨型蜘蛛，約3米長的巨型蜈蚣，翼展近1米的巨型蜻蜓等。
Giant Era: Carboniferous atmospheric oxygen content reached 35%, very suitable for the reproduction of arthropods, thus breeding a large number of giant insects. Giant spiders the size of human heads, giant centipedes about 3 meters long, giant dragnflies with wingspan of nearly 1 meter, etc.
(3). 代表生物︰普莫諾蠍 - 石炭紀時期生活在陸地上的肺蠍，全長可達70厘米，肺蠍是可怕的殺手，主要捕捉其他節肢動物作為食物。
Representative organism: Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis - Lung scorpions lived on land during Carboniferous Period, up to 70 centimeters in length. Lung scorpions were terrible killers, mainly catching other arthropods as food.
二疊紀 (Permian)
二疊紀是距今2.99億年~2.5億年前的一段時期，陸地面積的擴大，海洋範圍的縮小，自然地理環境的變化，預示著生物發展史上一個新時期的到來。
The Permian period was a period from 299 million ago to 250 million years ago. The expansion of land area, the shrinking of the ocean range, and the changes in the natural geographical environment indicate the arrival of a new period in the history of biological development.
(1). 第三次生物滅絕︰二疊紀晚期，20000立千米的碎啱、有毒氣體、70度的高溫、數萬年的酸雨，40萬年的長夜等構成了西伯利亞暗色岩滅絕事件，是地球有史以來最嚴重的災難，它滅絕了98%的生物。
The third extinction : In the late Permian period, 20,000 cubic kilometers of broken rocks, toxic gases, 70 degrees of high temperature, tens of thousands of years of acid rain and 400,000 years of long nights resulted in extinction of Siberian dark rock, the most serious disaster in the history of the earth, it extinct 98% of the creatures.
(2). 盤古大陸︰2.5億年前，地球上的大陸互相毗鄰，合併形成了名為「盤古大陸」的超大陸，盤古大陸最後分裂成了南方的岡瓦那大陸和北方的勞亞大陸。
Pangea : 250 million years ago, the continents on the earth were adjacent to each other and merged to form a supercontinent named 'Pangea', pangea eventually split into the southern Gondwana continent and the northern Laura continent.
(3). 代表生物︰裸蕨植物 - 二疊紀早期的植物以真蕨為主，晚期代之以較耐旱的裸子植物。
Representative organism : Pteridophyta - In the early Permian period, most plants were filicophytina, then they were replaced by the more drought-tolerant gymnosperms in the late period.
三疊紀 (Triassic)
三疊紀是距今2.5億年~2億年前的一段時期，它位於二疊紀和侏羅紀之間，三疊紀的開始和結束各以一次滅絕事件為標誌。
Triassic is a period from 250 million to 200 million years ago. It lies between Permian and Jurassic. The beginning and end of Triassic are both marked by one extinction event.
(1). 第四次生物滅絕︰三疊紀晚期，滾燙的蒸汽、1800立方千米岩漿、有毒氣體、極端氣候、數萬年的酸雨等構成了中大西洋岩漿區滅絕事件，造成 70% 的物種滅絕，還造成盤古大陸分裂。
The fourth extinction : Late Triassic, hot steam, 1800 cubic kilometers of magma, toxic gases, extreme weather, tens of thousands of years of acid rain constitute the extinction of the Mid-Atlantic magma region, causing 70% of species to extinction, and also caused the Pangea to split.
(2). 大陸分裂︰三疊紀間共有一塊大陸，被稱為泛古陸，即岡瓦納古陸。 到三疊紀中期，泛古陸開始出現分裂的前兆，在北美洲、歐洲中部和西部、非洲的西北部均出現了裂痕。
Continent division : There was only one continent during the Triassic period, which was called Pangea and the Gondwana. In the middle of the Triassic, Pangea was beginning to show signs of division, and cracks appeared in North America, Central and Western Europe, and northwest Africa.
(3). 代表生物︰裸子植物 - 裸子植物自三疊紀起迅速發展起來，到了中三疊紀植物才開始逐漸繁盛，晚三疊紀時，裸子植物真正成了大陸植物的主要統治者。
Representative organism :Gymnospermae - The gymnosperms developed rapidly since the Triassic, and plants began to flourish in the middle Triassic. In the Late Triassic, gymnosperms became the main rulers of mainland plants.
侏羅紀 (Jurassic)
侏羅紀是距今1.99億年~1.45億年前的一段時期，侏羅紀是中生代的第二個紀，開始於三疊紀-侏羅紀滅絕事件。
The Jurassic period was a period from 1.9 billion to 145 million years ago. The Jurassic period was the second period of the Mesozoic era and began in the Triassic-Jurassic extinction.
(1). 空中生物︰具有皮質翅膀的翼龍是空中的優勢生物，早期的鳥類也出現，最著名的就是始祖鳥，空中生物與地面生物也會產生演化。
Aerial organisms : The pterosaurs with cortical wings were the dominant creatures in the air. Early birds also appeared. The most famous is the archaeopteryx. The aerial creatures and terrestrial creatures also evolved.
(2). 恐龍時代︰侏羅紀是恐龍的鼎盛時期，恐龍已迅速成為地球的統治者，各類恐龍濟濟一堂，構成一幅千姿百態的龍的世界。
Era of dinosaurs : The Jurassic period was the heyday of dinosaurs. The dinosaurs quickly became the rulers of the earth. All kinds of dinosaurs came together to form a world of various dinosaurs.
(3). 代表生物︰雙脊龍 - 生活於早侏羅紀，曾多次出現在大眾文化中，最著名的是在電影<<侏羅記公園>>中被描述為會噴毒液的恐龍，但沒有證據可以顯示雙脊龍有這種行為。
Representative organism : Dilophosaurus - lived in the early Jurassic and has appeared in popular culture many times. The most famous one is described as the dinosaur that sprays venom in the movie "Jurassic Park", but there is no evidence to show that they used to behave like this.
白堊紀 (Cretaceous)
白堊紀是距今1.45億年~6600萬年前的一段時期，大陸被海洋分開，地球變得溫暖、乾旱。 恐龍仍然統治著陸地，翼龍在天空中滑翔，巨大的海生爬行動物統治著淺海。
The Cretaceous Period was a period from 145 million ago to 66 million years ago, when the continents were separated by the oceans and earth became warm and dry. Dinosaurs still dominate landing sites, pterosaurs glide in the sky, and giant marine reptiles dominate shallow seas.
(1). 第五次生物滅絕︰白堊紀晚期，一顆巨大的隕石撞擊地球，2.1 萬立方公里的物質進入了大氣中，地球表面溫度迅速降低，植物枯萎死亡，造成了大量生物滅絕，長達1.6億年之久的恐龍時代終結。
The fifth extinction : In the late Cretaceous, a huge meteorite hit the earth, 21,000 cubic kilometers of material entered the atmosphere. The surface temperature of the earth rapidly decreased, the plants withered and died, causing a large number of extinctions, which ended the 160 million-year-long dinosaur era.
(2). 板塊運動︰板塊運動出現了大量的海底山脈，進而造成全球性的海平面上升。南美洲與非洲大陸之間的裂谷張開形成南大西洋，北大西洋裂谷位於格陸蘭和北美東側。
Plate movement : Plate movement has resulted in a large number of submarine mountains, which in turn caused global sea level rise. The rift between South America and the African continent expanded to form the South Atlantic, and the North Atlantic rift lies in Greenland and the east of North America.
(3). 代表生物︰迅猛龍 - 生活在晚白惡紀時期，在電影<侏羅紀公園>中，迅猛龍覆蓋著鱗片，但之後研究發現大部分的手盜龍類身體應該覆蓋著羽毛。
Representative Organism : Velociraptor - lived in the Late Cretaceous period. In the movie Jurassic Park, they are covered with scales. But later studies found that most of the body of the Maniraptora should be covered with feathers.
第三紀-古近紀 Tertiary - Paleogene
古近紀是距今6600萬年~2300萬年前的一段時期，古近紀是哺乳動物迅速發展的時期。
Paleogene is a period from 66 million to 23 million years ago. The Paleogene is a period of rapid development of mammals.
(1). 極熱事件︰極熱事件是地球最快的、強度最大的一次全球變暖事件，導致了大量物種急劇滅絕。
Extreme heat event : Extremely hot event is the fastest and most intense global warming event on earth, resulting in the rapid extinction of a large number of species.
(2). 哺乳動物︰古近紀動物界的基本特點是哺乳動物的迅速輻射演化。 除了適應陸地生活的多種方式外，還出現了天空飛翔的蝙蝠類和重新適應海中生活的鯨類。
Mammal : The basic feature of the Paleogene animal world is the rapid radiation evolution of mammals. In addition to the various ways of adapting to land life, there was also bats flying in the sky and whales re-adapting to life in the sea.
(3). 代表生物︰鬣齒獸 - 外形很像鬣狗，但力量要比現今的獅子強大得多，它的雙頜具有每平方英尺1000牛的驚人咬力，牙齒和頜骨的結構類似一把大剪刀，可以迅速致獵物於死地。
Representative organism : Hyaenodon - looks like hyena, but are much stronger than the lions. Their jaws have an astonishing bite of 1,000 cows per square foot. The teeth and jaws are similar in structure to a large pair of scissors, which can kill its prey quickly.
第三紀-新近紀 Tertiary - Neogene
新近紀是距今2300萬年~260萬年前的一段時期，新近紀生物界的面貌與現代更為接近，發生過大規模冰川活動，是哺乳動物和被子植物高度發展的時代，人類在這個時代出現。
Neogene is a period from 23 million to 2.6 million years ago. The Neogene biosphere is closer to modern times. Large-scale glacial activities occurred. It is an era of high development of mammals and angiosperms. Human beings appeared in this era.
(1). 喜馬拉雅山︰在地殼運動方面，到了上新世，許多古近紀時形成的新山系繼續隆起，山勢基本與現代相近，如歐洲的阿爾卑斯山、亞洲的喜馬拉雅山、南美的安底斯山等等。
Himalayas : In terms of crustal movement, during the Pilocene, many of the Neogenes formed during the Paleogene continued to rise and the mountains were basically similar to modern times, such as the European Alps, the Asian Himalayas, and the South American Andes.
(2). 類人動物︰不論是海生動物還是陸地動物，上新世的動物已經相當現代化了，陸地動物還有些原始，最早的類人的動物在上新世末出現。
Humanoid : Whether it is marine or terrestrial animals, the Pilocene animals had been quite modern, terrestrial animals were still primitive, and the earliest humanoid animals appeared at the end of the Pilocene.
(3). 代表生物︰劍齒虎 - 是遠古長有可怕的匕首狀上犬齒的最大貓科動物，上犬齒最長可達120毫米，是當時最具優勢的大型食肉動物。
Representative organism : Machairodus - is the largest Felidae with terrible dagger-like upper canine teeth in ancient times. The upper canine teeth can reach up to 120 mm in length. It was the most dominant large carnivore at that time.
資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料
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