遺傳物質 Genetic material
遺傳物質是親代與子代之間傳遞遺傳信息的物質。
除一部分病毒的遺傳物是RNA外，其餘的病毒以及全部具典型細胞結構的生物的遺傳物都是DNA。
進化是指種群裡的遺傳性狀在世代之間的變化，性狀指是遺傳物質的表現。人類進化的實質是種群遺傳物質的改變。
Genetic material is the material that transmits genetic information between parents and offspring.
Except for some viruses whose genetic material is RNA, the genetic material of other viruses and all organisms with a typical cell structure are DNA.
Evolution refers to the change of genetic traits in a population between generations, and traits refer to the performance of genetic material. The essence of human evolution is the change of population genetic material,
昆明魚 Myllokunmingia
昆明魚是迄今已知的地球生命出現早期的最高等的脊椎動物，它有由軟骨構造的頭顱骨及骨骼。
昆明魚的發現，不僅將包括人類在內的整個脊椎動物演化史向前推進了5000萬年，而且改變並完善了脊椎動物早期演化理論。
Myllokunmingia is known to date as the highest vertebrate in the early stage of life on earth. It has a skull and skeleton made of cartilage.
The discovery of Myllokunmingia has not only advanced the entire history of vertebrate evolution including humans by 50 million years, but also rewritten and perfected the theory of early vertebrate evolution.
提塔利克魚 Tiktaalik
提塔利克魚是最早擁有頸部的魚類，強狀的肋骨可以讓它們離開水域，讓它們在狩獵時擁有更多的自由，不論是在陸地上或是淺水中。
提塔利克魚擁有可以在堅硬地面支撐自身重量及呼吸空氣的構造，這是頭骨演化一個關鍵的改變，促使我們的遠祖可以適應陸地上的生活。
Tiktaalik is the first fish to have a neck. The strong ribs allow them to leave the water and allow them to have more freedom when hunting, whether on land or in shallow water.
The Tiktaalik has a structure that can support its own weight and breathe air on a hard ground. This is a key change in the evolution of the skull, allowing our distant ancestors to adapt to life on land.
始組單弓獸 Archaeothyris
始組單弓獸的體型較大，頜部強壯，且能張得比其他早期爬行動物還大，具有較大的犬齒，顯示它們是肉食性動物。
始組單弓獸是所有單弓動物的祖先，包括哺乳類。
The Archaeothyris was larger in size, had strong jaws, and could expand larger than other early reptiles, and had larger canine teeth, indicating that they were carnivorous animals.
The Archaeothyris is the ancestor of all single how animals, including mammals.
大帶齒獸 Megazostrodon
大帶齒獸長相酷似老鼠，大小如同鼬鼠，行為也類似鼬鼠，是最早的哺乳類。它是穴居動物，在夜間捕食。
大帶齒獸過著穴居的生活，擁有和人類一樣的膈，被認為是人類的祖先。
The Megazostrodon looks exactly like a mouse, is the size of a weasel, and behaves like a weasel. It is the earliest mammal. It is a burrowing animal and hunts at night.
The Megazostrodon lives a burrowing life, has the same diaphragm as humans, and is considered to be the ancestor of humans.
更猴 Plesiadapis
更猴是已知最早似靈長目的哺乳動物其中之一屬，外觀有點像松鼠。更猴仍保有爪，但和現代的靈長類動物相差很遠，這類動物有四支爪子，不能彎曲的那種，很不靈活。
有觀點認為更猴的發現給靈長類的進化過程帶來了新的發現，但也有觀點認為更猴形類群和現代靈長類不屬於一個隊伍。
The Piesiadapis is one of the earliest known genus of primate mammals and looks a bit like squirrels. Plesiadapis still have claws, but they are very different from modern primates. These animals have four claws, which cannot bend and are very inflexible.
Some believe that the discovery of Plesiadapis has brought new discoveries to the evolution of primates, but there are also opinions that the Plesiadapis-shaped groups and modern primates do not belong to the same team.
南方古猿 Australopithecus
南方古猿已經能直立行走，使用天然工具，生活方式可能為群體生活，共同尋找食物，共同防止其他猛禽野獸的攻擊。
南方古猿被認為是從猿到人轉變的第一階段，是整個人屬的祖先。
Australopithecus has been able to walk upright, use natural tools, and may live in groups, seek food together, and jointly prevent attacks from other raptors and beasts.
Australopithecus is considered to be the first stage of the transition from ape to man, and is the ancestor of the entire Homo genus.
智人 Homo sapiens
智人是人屬下的唯一現存物種，大腦的發達與複雜化可能有利於聚群的社會生活，群居生活十分有利於以協作方式獲取獵物、採集食物和交流信息等，因而使智人在生存競爭中佔優勢。
智人分為早期智人和晚期智人，晚期智人在體質特徵上和現代人已沒有明顯差異，能精製石器和骨器，懂得繪畫、雕刻等藝術。
Homo sapiens is the only existing species in the genus Homo sapiens. The development and complexity of the brain may be conducive to social life in groups. Living in groups is very conducive to obtaining prey, collecting food and communicating information in a collaborative manner, thus.
Homo sapiens are divided into early Homo sapiens and late Homo sapiens. The physical characteristics of the late Homo sapiens have no obvious differences from modern people. They can refine stone and bone tools, and know the arts such as painting and carving.
資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料
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