2020年8月15日 星期六

生命簡史 古生物放置攻略 - 海生爬行動物

楯齒龍 Placodus

生存年代︰   2.5 2.3 億年前

體長︰            1 3

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋 Mesozoic Ocean

Order     盾齒龍目 Placodontia

楯齒龍用突出的前齒,將水底無脊椎動物的堅硬外殼拉扯出來,並用後方的平坦牙齒,將獵物外殼壓碎。

楯齒龍是陸地動物,但到海中尋找軟體動物、腕足動物和甲殼類作為食物。

Placodus used their protruding front teeth to pull out the hard shells of underwater invertebrates, and crushed the shells of prey with the flat teeth at the back.

Placodus is a land animal, but it goes to the sea to find molluscs, brachiopods and crustaceans as food.

 

幻龍 Nothosaurus

生存年代︰   2.3 2 億年前

體長︰            3

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋 Mesozoic Ocean

Order     幻龍目 Nothosauroidea

幻龍緩慢跟踪獵物,利用針狀牙齒的長頜部捕抓魚類與其他海中動物。

幻龍是半海生動物,它們可能過著類似現代海豹的生活。

Nothosaurus slowly follows its prey, using its long jaws with needle-like teeth to catch fish and other sea animals.

Nothosaurus are semi-sea animals, and they may live a life similar to modern seals.

 

海龍 Thalattosaurus

生存年代︰   2.3 2 億年前

體長︰            4

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋Mesozoic Ocean

Order    海龍目Thalattosauria

海龍類外表似大型蜥蝪,有長而側向平坦的尾巴,適合生存於海中環境。

海龍擁有大眼睛,可讓它們的深水中視力更好,而眼睛周圍有骨環,可防止眼睛在深水中遭巨大水壓壓碎。

Thalattosaurus resemble large lizards with long and laterally flat tails, which are suitable for living in the sea.

Thalattosaurus have big eyes, allowing them to have better vision in deep water, and there are bone rings around the eyes to prevent the eyes from being crushed by huge pressure in deep water.

 

海鱷 Pelagosaurus

生存年代︰   1.9 1.45 億年前

體長︰            7

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋Mesozoic Ocean

Order     海鱷亞目Thalattosuchia

海鱷性情兇猛,四肢演化成了鰭肢狀,尾巴的形狀像魚鰭,在海中的行動相當敏捷。

海鱷從其出現開始,就一直受到魚龍、上龍、滄龍等天敵的威脅,直至滅亡也沒能翻身。

Pelagosaurus has a fierce temperament.  Its limbs have evolved into flippers, and its tail is shaped like a fin, it moves very quickly in the sea.

Since its emergence, Pelagosaurus has been threatened by natural enemies such as Temnodontosaurus, Pliosaurus and Mosasauroidea, and has not been able to turn over till its extinction.

 

魚龍 Temnodontosaurus

生存年代︰   2.5 0.9 億年前

體長︰            223

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋Mesozoic Ocean

Order     魚龍目Lchthyosauria

魚龍的遊速可以達到每小時40公里,鯺狀的四肢可能被用來起穩定以及控制轉向的作用,魚龍的主食可能是魚類。

雖然魚龍的外表看似魚類,但它們並不屬於魚類。

The swimming speed of Temnodontosaurus can reach 40 kilometers per hour.  The fin-like limbs may be used to stabilize and control steering.  The staple food of ichthyosaurs may be fish.

Although Temnodontosaurus look like fish, they are not fish.

  

蛇頸龍 Plesiosaurus

生存年代︰   2 0.9 億年前

體長︰            320

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋Mesozoic Ocean

Order     蛇頸龍亞目 Plesiosauroidea

蛇頸龍以U形的嘴部、銳利的牙齒捕抓獵物,它們以兩對鰭腳推動身體,尾巴因為太短而不能推動身體前進。 在水中游泳時,頸部可能有控制制方向的功能。

蛇頸龍的頸椎骨基本不能活動,只能做極小弧度的擺動和升降,幾乎不能抬高脖子。

Plesiosaurus uses a U-shaped mouth and sharp teeth to catch prey.  They are two pairs of fins to push the body.  The tail is too short to push the body forward. 

When swimming in the water, the neck may have the function of controlling direction.

The cervical vertebrae of Plesiosaurus are basically unable to move, and can only swing and lift in a very small arc, and they can hardly raise the neck.

 

上龍 Pliosaurus

生存年代︰   2 0.7 億年前

體長︰            415

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋Mesozoic Ocean

Order     上龍亞目 Pliosauroidea

上龍特徵是短頸部、長頭部、體型大、呈流線型、行動快速且兇猛。

上龍類是肉食性動物,長而強壯的頜部有多排銳利的牙齒,可能獵食魚龍或蛇頸龍。

Pliosaurus is characterized by a short neck, a long head, a large body, a streamlined shape, fast action and fierceness.

Pliosaurus are carnivorous animals, with long and strong jaws with multiple sharp teeth, which may hunt Temnodontosaurus or Plesiosaurus.

   

滄龍 Mosasauroidea

生存年代︰   0.7 0.65 億年前

體長︰            315

分佈區域︰    中生代海洋Mesozoic Ocean

Family    滄龍超科 Mosasauroidea

滄龍有雙鉸鏈狀的頜部、頭顱骨,能將獵物整個吞下,身體形狀類似現代巨蜥,但更為修長、流線性。

滄龍類在白堊紀晚期的大海中迅速擴張,成為頂級掠食者,在很短的時間內完全取代了上龍的生態位並導致其完全滅絕。

Mosasauroidea has a double-hinged jaw and skull, which can swallow its prey whole.  Its body shape is similar to modern monitor lizards, but it is more slender and streamlined.

Mosasauroidea expanded rapidly in the sea in the late Cretaceous and became top predators, completely replacing the niche of Pliosaurus within a short period of time and leading to its complete extinction.


資料來源︰生命簡史 古生物放置 遊戲的資料

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